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创造良好环境 服务实体经济

2017-05-07 11:41:16   

中共中央政治局就维护国家金融安全进行第四十次集体学习时,习近平总书记明确提出,为实体经济发展创造良好金融环境,疏通金融进入实体经济的渠道,积极规范发展多层次资本市场,扩大直接融资,加强信贷政策指引,鼓励金融机构加大对先进制造业等领域的资金支持,推进供给侧结构性改革。

作为现代经济的核心,金融发展影响实体经济的兴衰。我国金融业发展迅速,作为资源配置和宏观调控的重要工具,在支持实体经济发展中功不可没。但总体而言,金融支持实体经济的作用未充分发挥,服务实体经济的质效尚有待提升。当前,金融业一定程度上出现“脱实向虚”倾向,一部分流动性不是注入实体经济,而是在金融体系“空转”或涌入投机领域,值得高度警惕。

习近平总书记指出,我们国家要强大,要靠实体经济,不能泡沫化。实体经济既是经济社会繁荣的根基,也是金融发展的根基。金融因应实体经济需要而产生,其收益归根结底来源于实体经济的产出。金融业的发展历史,就是不断改进和提升服务实体经济能力的过程。因此,服务实体经济,是金融业发展的本质要求。离开实体经济,金融就会成为无源之水、无本之木,不仅会导致资源配置扭曲、影响实体经济发展,还可能引发系统性风险。1997年亚洲金融风暴、2008年国际金融危机等,都是金融脱离实体经济自我循环、自我膨胀的结果。

当前,我国经济发展进入新常态,经济下行压力加大,金融业“躺着挣钱”的高增长时期过去,一些金融机构转而通过加杠杆、以钱生钱谋求高利润。这种模式不可持续。资金在虚拟经济中打转,拉长了资金流转链条,抬高了实体经济的融资成本,也蕴含资产泡沫化风险,最终难免危及金融业自身的发展。

而资金投入实体经济,虽然往往周期长、见效慢,很难赚到“快钱”,但实体经济作为社会物质财富的来源,具有安全性、稳定性和可靠性,可以提供更为长久的合理回报。

我国经济转型升级处于关键时期,实体经济的发展,迫切需要一个良好的金融环境。在流动性基本稳定的前提下,一方面,要着力构建有效的金融体系,通过健全多层次资本市场、发展民营银行等中小金融机构,引导分散社会资本流向实体产业、实体企业;另一方面,要着力疏通传导机制,提高资金的可获得性,降低融资成本。

值得注意的是,在当前供给侧结构性改革稳步推进的背景下,加大对实体经济的服务力度,并不是简单地大水漫灌、粗放刺激,必须多管齐下、标本兼治,通过长效机制的建立和各项政策的指引,使资金真正流到实体经济最需要的重点领域和薄弱环节。

除了资金融通外,实体经济还需要多层次、多元化金融服务,金融业可以充分发挥其固有的价格发现、风险管理、流动性配置等优势。这其中蕴含着极大的创新空间,应成为金融业自身转型升级的方向。

应鼓励金融机构提供普惠金融服务,同时加大对先进制造业等领域的资金支持,推进供给侧结构性改革引导社会资金流向有发展潜力、急需资金的高新技术产业、民营科技企业、小微企业。

近日,人民银行、银监会、证监会、保监会等金融监管机构相继出台措施,引导金融机构在防控金融风险的同时,加大服务实体经济的力度。金融机构应认清定位,回归本原,有效服务和反哺实体经济,实现与实体经济的共生共荣。

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