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谨防移民扶贫就业“灯下黑”
2017-09-18 07:11:46 中国经济网
移民扶贫是精准扶贫的重要途径之一。将贫困人口从条件差的地区搬迁到交通方便或者靠近城市的地方,让他们在更好的条件下发展生产实现脱贫,往往能够取得事半功倍的效果。不过,个别地方的移民扶贫存在就业“灯下黑”的情况,越是条件好的地区,尤其是靠近城市的地方,越容易出现移民就业难现象。
移民扶贫出现就业“灯下黑”现象,原因主要有两个。
第一个原因是“想当然”。在大多数人的想象中,将贫困人口搬迁到交通方便或城市郊区,可为他们创造更好的生活条件和更多就业机会,不用太费劲就能摆脱贫困。不仅贫困群众这么想,一些基层干部也这么想。因为抱有这种想法,很多移民过高估计了搬迁后的生活境况,一些干部则低估了移民就业安置的难度,思想重视程度不够,既没有发展好有质量的脱贫致富产业,也没有创造足够数量的就业岗位,导致一部分移民不能稳定就业,有的甚至无事可做。面对移民后的生存压力,个别人流露出返回老家的念头。这无疑与移民初衷背道而驰。
的确,城市就业机会比较多,但凡事不能想当然。城市解决市民就业的压力本身就不小,移民从偏远农村初来乍到,适应新环境本身还需要一个过程。因此,安置移民就业远没有想象得那么简单,也不是靠近城市就自然而然地水到渠成。
第二个原因是“对接难”。过去,贫困人口移民后主要还是从事农业生产,与搬迁前并无大的区别,基本不存在就业障碍。近些年,贫困地区的年轻人早已出外打工,解决移民就业主要是解决40岁以上贫困人口就业的问题。可是,这部分人的文化程度低,缺乏从事二三产业的技能和经验,除了保安、保洁等少数行业,大多数服务行业不适合他们。而且,当前新技术、新业态层出不穷,对劳动力素质要求越来越高,这也在客观上造成了移民就业难。
移民扶贫出现就业“灯下黑”,有损于扶贫的精准性,需要引起足够警惕。解决这一问题,除了思想上要高度重视移民就业安置,做好移民相关技能培训,更重要的是,各地要发展一批一二三产融合发展的产业,让移民特别是“四零五零”人员有活可干。比如,可探索发展“光伏+”产业,移民可在光伏园区中种大棚,发展光伏农业,也可以做光伏板清洁工作,搞工业维修,还可以从事光伏观光旅游业。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:拓兆兵)
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