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药品标准短板有望补齐

2017-09-18 04:11:37   中国经济网

目前,我国药品标准领域存在诸多短板,新版《中华人民共和国药典》在收载药品品种上不再一味追求数量,而是更加注重质量。未来,药典品种收载将有进有出、宁缺毋滥,进而推动整个行业健康发展

前不久,国家药典委员会召开新闻发布会宣布,在考虑国家药品标准整体状况的基础上,将于2020年出台的第11版《中华人民共和国药典》收载药品品种数预计达6400个左右。其中,增订中药、化学药、生物制品等品种约800个。

“药典是国家为保证药品质量,对药品的质量指标所作的技术规定,药典标准是检验和评价药品质量的依据,也是保证药品安全有效的基础。”国家药典委员会秘书长张伟介绍说,目前施行的《中华人民共和国药典》2015年版是中华人民共和国成立以来的第10版药典。该版药典收载药品总数达到5608个,涵盖了基本药物、医疗保险目录品种等内容,基本能够适应临床用药的需要。

张伟表示,2020年版药典提出了品种收载适度增长的要求,一是要考虑目录的调整,二是工作基调由注重药品的收载数量,向注重药品内在质量的提升转变,即不再一味追求数量,而是要更加强调质量。一方面,将以高质量产品为标杆,制订高水平的药品标准;另一方面,则要通过研究,及时发现上市药品中标准缺失或不完善等问题,补齐短板,进一步提高上市药品的质量控制水平,提高药品的安全性和有效性。

具体来看,目前药品标准的短板,主要是标准缺失、标准落后、标准不管用、标准执行不到位等问题在一些具体品种或一类品种方面不同程度地存在。究其原因,很大程度是药品上市标准不高,缺乏原研产品作为参比制剂。比如,在中药材和饮片的安全性控制方面,对农药残留、重金属和有害元素虽然有了检测方法,但对具体品种的检测限度由于缺少大数据的积累和分析,无法作出科学的设定。

“药品质量标准的制修订是一个复杂过程,特别是对于成分相对复杂的中药来说,困难与挑战是不言而喻的。”张伟分析说,近年来随着产业化和市场化的不断扩大和升级,我国中药材产业发展迅猛,但中药材及饮片市场以次充好、掺杂使假等行业“潜规则”以及部分药材农药残留、重金属及有害元素超标等问题严重影响了中药材质量安全,阻碍了中药材产业和中医药事业的健康发展。

为了公众用药安全,也为了更好地服务中医药事业,2020年版药典将对2015年版药典收载的药材品种618种(饮片规格823个)作系统梳理,继续研究和建立重金属及有害元素、农药残留和真菌毒素等外源性有害物质的高效灵敏分析方法和检测技术及其限量标准,进一步完善中药标准的检测项目,重点加强中药饮片质量标准研究与制定。

此外,新版药典还将进一步健全标准体系,强化药品质量全程管理的理念。对此,张伟也透露,新版药典将完善和丰富药品标准的内涵,强化过程控制,由药品终端控制向生产过程和源头控制延伸,实现药品生命周期的质量控制标准体系。

比如,新版药典将建立横向覆盖中药、化学药、生物制品、原料药、药用辅料、药包材以及标准物质的质量控制技术要求,纵向涵盖药典凡例、制剂通则、总论、检验方法通则以及指导原则,同时逐步加强和完善涉及药品研发、生产、流通和使用等环节的通用性技术要求和指导原则的药品标准体系。

国家药典委还将建立国家药品标准的淘汰机制。“药典品种收载将坚持以优化增量、减少存量为原则,数量适度增加,质量宁缺毋滥。”张伟介绍说,要通过建立健全药典品种进出的遴选原则,淘汰一些落后产品和落后标准。也就是说,标准要“有进有出”,对已经取消药品批准文号、长期不生产、质量不可控、剂型不合理、稳定性不高的药品标准“做减法”,从而实现标准的淘汰,彻底解决药品标准历史遗留问题。(经济日报记者 吉蕾蕾 实习生 曹曼庭)

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