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吴敬琏:金融业需回归原来的职能
2017-09-15 14:46:53 中国经济网
经济日报-中国经济网北京9月15日讯(记者钱箐旎)9月15日,2017年第六届金融街论坛在北京举办。论坛由北京市人民政府主办,中国人民银行、中国银监会、中国证监会、中国保监会担任支持单位,北京市金融工作局和西城区人民政府负责承办。会上,国务院发展研究中心高级研究员吴敬琏表示,当前我们的经济发展有两个主要的目标,一个目标是要稳住经济增长,防止经济的失速,另外一个目标,就是要去杠杆,防止出现系统性风险。
“这两个目标需要同时实现,但是他们之间存在矛盾。就出现了一种现象,当要去杠杆、防止系统性风险积累的时候,往往就会出现增长率下滑,但是反过来要促进经济增长率的稳定,保持中高速增长的时候,又出现了杠杆率上升,风险积累,被人们称作为‘翘翘板效应’,摁住这头,那头就上来了,再把那头摁住,这头又上来了,这是使得我们在宏观经济政策的施政上很头疼的问题。”吴敬琏说。
“翘翘板效应”为何会出现?在吴敬琏看来,原因就是在世界经济形势发生巨大变化的情况下,我们的金融业功能和行为发生了扭曲。“从我们的情况看,大致在本世纪初期,特别是在全球金融危机发生以后,过分从需求侧去找出路,想用货币的超发、信用的扩张来支持经济增长,总是想靠宽松的货币政策来拉升经济增长。”他指出,货币的超发和信用的膨胀就造成了风险的积累、杠杆率的升高。沿着这么一条路去走,就出现一个魔咒,凡是要支持增长,只能用加杠杆,扩需求,扩需求最简便的方法。
吴敬琏表示,“要想破除这个魔咒,最根本的办法就是2015年以来党中央反复强调的,就是要从供给侧去看问题,从供给侧去找出路,用提高供给侧的质量,也就是提高效率的办法,从根本上解决这个问题。”他指出,对金融业来说,就需要回归原来的职能,即通过货币、资金的先行作用来实现经济资源的有效配置和利用。
“在市场经济的条件下,货币、资金是先行的,它的先行决定了各种资源的有效配置。根据这个基本的功能,金融业的内容、方向、产品都是跟他的基本功能相适应的,组织形态也是跟他的功能相适应的。按照我们要回归金融的优化资源配置和利用这种功能,我们的金融业需要进行改革,让金融业服务于实体经济,服务于供给侧质量的提高。”对于金融业的改革,吴敬琏认为,原来不管是在计划经济下形成的体制,还是后来在信用膨胀情况下,货币超发情况下形成的这一套做法,都需要认真的审视,去做出变革。
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