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近日,民生证券副总裁、民生金融智库首席经济学家管清友在一个论坛上发言称,中国至少需要8个一线城市。除了北京、上海、广州、深圳外,天津、杭州、成都、武汉、南京、重庆、西安、苏州、合肥等9个城市有望成为“新一线城市”。专家驳“中国至少需要8个一线城市”说法:难道是要更多城市房价再涨吗?(9月12日中国经济周刊)
其实,提议国家升格更多二线城市到一线,并非仅管清友一人,中国人民银行金融研究所所长姚余栋等一批学者,也是该观点的拥护者。是否需要更多一线城市,一直存有争议,这表明,一线城市存在利弊,但究竟是利大还是弊大,还要用事实说话。
实际上,有些二线城市已有了一线城市的功能。例如,我们目前已有9座城市人口超千万,占世界所有超千万人口城市的四分之一。说“新增”一线城市,是针对审批而言。在我国,城市究竟属于几线,要靠国家来认定。如果放在国外,我国至少有5座城市早就成为事实上的“一线”,只不过,我国对城市的分类,主要靠行政手段划分,由此再去配置各项资源,以让城市享受相应的政策性待遇。
从国内看,我国目前3个经济带领头羊或城市群模范,即珠三角、长三角、京津冀,都含有一座甚至两座一线城。就是其他较发达地区,也是围绕着中心城市在发展,离开中心城市,周边发展就没了“支点”。尤其在我国,城市资源的配置,要靠级别来定,如果享受不到政策红利,就无法发挥城市对周边区域发展的巨大带动作用。我国城镇化已到了中期,且我国已进入老龄社会,再过不到20年就将进入超老龄社会,再不利用中心城市带动发展,恐怕就过了发展的黄金期。
而从世界经验看,大的经济圈在经济和产业分工中具有重大影响。据中国城市发展报告显示,美国三大都会区的GDP占全美的份额为67%,日本三大都市圈占全日本的份额达到70%,而中国大陆三大经济圈也占到GDP总量的38%。大都市城市圈已成为衡量一个国家或地区经济社会发展水平的重要标志。无独有偶,日前俄罗斯电视台新闻频道网站就曾建议,鉴于中国城市化低于世界平均水平的现状,建议提升二线城市的带动作用,“中国还有多个蓬勃发展的二线城市,如成都、天津、杭州、武汉、苏州等,只要给它们机会,它们就能发展成一线城市。”
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