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媒体:镇痛分娩是基本需求 应该纳入医保

2017-09-13 04:17:00   新京报

■社论

“分娩之痛”不仅不是“必要的”,而且是人类所能感受到的最高级别的疼痛之一。

据新京报报道,镇痛分娩早已在世界上存在了100多年,进入我国也已半个世纪,但目前尚未普及。2015年国家卫计委中国人口宣传教育中心主办的“快乐产房,舒适分娩”项目活动稿件中称,“据估算,在中国镇痛分娩不到10%”。

镇痛分娩在医学上是指使用各种方法使分娩时的疼痛减轻甚至消失。不过一般来说,镇痛分娩多是指麻醉师采取麻醉剂减轻产妇分娩的痛苦。

镇痛分娩在国内难以普及,根据许多专业医生的观察,主要原因就在于国内麻醉医生偏少、镇痛分娩手术收入低。

据悉,我国麻醉医师数量严重缺乏,大概只有8.5万人。在欧美国家,麻醉师配备的比例一般是每万人2.4个左右。按照这个比例,国内至少需要30万-50万的麻醉师。不过值得注意的是,尽管国内的麻醉师严重缺乏,全国麻醉专业招生人数却在减少。

这一不符合供需规律的现象的出现,原因可能在于麻醉师在国内医疗市场中的尴尬地位:他们缺少自主议价能力。

镇痛分娩没有统一定价,不过按照一些公立医院的定价,一次镇痛分娩收费只是在原有的自然分娩收费基础加收200元。虽然阵痛超过两个小时,每小时可以加30元,但一般来说,整个费用也不会超过500元。更有些一线的医生透露,有时候一个麻醉师在一台七八个小时的生产手术中仅仅能收入60元左右。

相对于那些更加轻松、风险低、时间更短的手术,如此低廉的定价,对于一个麻醉师来说是“划不来”的。这导致医院在推广镇痛分娩时没有动力,也导致麻醉师不太愿意主动推荐镇痛分娩。

要解决这个困境,其实有必要适当提高镇痛分娩中麻醉师的收入,在传统定价机制的基础不妨增加一些市场化的手段,使得医院和麻醉师有更加充分的自主议价能力。

当然如此一来,势必会加重生育费用,而且如果市场价格过高,也会“吓退”那些低收入家庭。要解决这个困境,这就不得不提另外一个阻碍镇痛分娩普及的重要原因,即镇痛分娩在全国未普遍纳入医保。

目前虽然有少数一些地区在考虑将镇痛分娩纳入社会保障项目,比如广州,当地社保局已经有专门的文件支持镇痛分娩,但总体而言,大多数地区依然在徘徊和犹豫。主要原因在于,人们拿不准“镇痛分娩”是基本医疗还是高规格医疗,是基本需求还是非基本需求。

这涉及对妇女“分娩之痛”的认识问题,也涉及对于产妇权利的保障问题。过去困于保守理念的影响,许多人并没有太重视产妇的分娩痛苦,甚至有人认为这是一种生产过程中“必要的痛苦”。

不过现在普遍的共识是,“分娩之痛”不仅不是“必要的”,而且是人类所能感受到的最高级别的疼痛之一。所以无论从保护妇女权益考虑,还是从保障基本的生育权角度考虑,都有必要将镇痛分娩视为一项基本需求,并且纳入医疗保障项目之中。

在制度上为产妇减轻分娩之痛,某种程度上,体现的也是与妇女共担分娩之痛的理念,是对生命本身的尊重,也是一个社会的文明走向更加细腻的体现。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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