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汪涛:人民币汇率究竟是相机顺势升值,还是形成机制调整?

2017-09-08 09:37:09   中国经济网

人民币对一篮子货币升值

今年以来、特别是过去几周,人民币对美元持续升值。但是,最近人民币对美元升值的幅度超出市场预期,也明显大于美元走弱的幅度,这很可能是受国内企业抛售美元(加快结汇)、对人民币汇率的市场情绪高涨等因素影响。

汇率灵活性增加,但汇率形成机制未变

近期人民币对一篮子货币升值是增加人民币汇率双向波动的重要一步。但在最近的一轮升值之后,人民币CFETS货币篮子仅仅回到去年年底的水平。除非美元再度大幅走弱,否则我们并不认为人民币对美元还会继续大幅升值,也不认为近期人民币定价机制会调整为浮动汇率。

目前没有明显的升值或贬值压力

虽然最近美元走弱和市场情绪改善推动人民币对美元升值,但我们并不认为人民币有效汇率或其对一篮子货币汇率会从此大幅反弹、开启长达数年的升值周期。一方面,目前人民币汇率接近其公允价值,并且国内居民配置海外资产的需求依然强劲。但另一方面,资本管制持续偏紧、国内基本面稳健,风险因素有所改善,都将限制人民币贬值幅度。

调整年底人民币对美元预测至6.5-6.6

我们预计年内人民币对美元在区间内震荡,年底达6.5-6.6,不过在十月中的十九大召开之前,市场情绪可能仍较为强劲,或将人民币汇率推升至强于6.5。2018年,美元汇率可能保持相对稳定、上下行风险大致平衡,我们预计人民币对美元小幅贬值至6.7左右。如果美元进一步大幅贬值,人民币对美元汇率也可能继续升值,但对一篮子汇率升值幅度则较为有限。

 推动近期人民币升值的因素

今年以来人民币对美元升值是一系列因素的综合结果,包括美元持续走弱、资本管制严格有效、中美爆发大规模贸易战的风险降低,以及国内经济表现和市场情绪明显好转。此外,央行还扩大了CFETS货币篮子的货币种类、降低了美元的占比,并在人民币中间价定价机制中增加了“逆周期因子”、弱化了前一交易日收盘价的影响。

但最近几周,人民币对CEFTS货币篮子也明显升值,人民币对美元的升值幅度已经无法完全用美元对主要货币走弱来解释。是什么推动了这一轮的人民币升值?

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