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火星发现38亿年历史硼酸盐 或为星球有生命重要线索

2017-09-07 09:47:07   中国经济网

硼酸盐大幅提升古代火星“生命值”

每日科学网5日消息称,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的“好奇”号火星车,在红色星球上发现了38亿年历史的硼酸盐,由于硼化合物是“生命的关键”,这一发现使火星的可居住性大幅提升,也给了科学家们更多关于生命是否可能存在于红色星球上的重要线索。

“好奇”号火星车此前正在攀爬火星山,车上携带了洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室(LANL)与法国航天局联合开发的、名为“化学与相机”(ChemCam)的激光拍摄装置。借此火星车得到了关于火星古代湖泊和地下环境变化的信息,更重要的是,还“拿到”了与火星岩组成有关的几个重要化学证据,硼的出现就是其中之一。

此次在火星上发现的是有38亿年历史的硼酸盐,出现在火星上硫酸钙矿物质矿脉,这一位置也意味着硼存在于火星地下水中,此处温暖且适合微生物存活。鉴于硼酸盐在制造核糖核酸(RNA)方面起着关键作用,而RNA是生命的一个重要组成部分,因此,在火星上发现硼,进一步提升了该星球上曾经出现生命的可能性。

研究人员解释,硼酸盐是RNA形成的关键催化剂。RNA的关键成分是被称为核糖的糖,非常不稳定,且在水中会迅速分解,因此需要另一个元素来稳定它——这就是硼酸盐,它会与核糖反应并使之稳定足够长的时间以便来制备RNA,为孕育生物体提供了基础条件。

团队成员、来自LANL实验室的科学家派崔克·加斯达表示,从本质上讲,这项发现告诉人们:生命在此有潜在的成长条件,并可能存在于古代火星上。

总编辑圈点

生命究竟如何起源?一个重要的假设是,首批细胞复制使用的是RNA,而脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的复制在经历了非常漫长的进化后才出现。也就是说,RNA的稳定制备,是触发生命起源的基础。那么,寻找RNA的形成条件,包括硼酸盐的发现,自然就成了科学家要寻找的重要一环。当然,这一切的“合理”推定,得是生命起源确实按照线性逻辑发生才说得通。 (记者张梦然)

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