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杨正位:理念与时俱进 引领发展实践

2017-09-01 07:32:01   中国经济网

新发展理念是针对我国经济进入新常态、世界经济复苏乏力提出的治本之策,深刻揭示了实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续发展的必由之路,是关系我国发展全局的一场深刻变革。

我国发展理念与时俱进,在实践中探索出适合国情的发展道路

发展是人类的永恒主题,过上好日子是每个人的自然愿望。纵观世界近现代史,发展理念因时因地而异。长期以来,现代化理论和新自由主义占据着世界发展理论主流,主张以发达国家为样板、实现直线式发展,但这并不符合发展中国家千差万别的国情;同时,欠发达国家也诞生了中心外围论、依附论等,主张独立发展或与发达国家“脱钩”,但这在全球化时代并不现实。世界一些国家遵循这些现成理论,发展成效不佳,甚至陷入中等收入陷阱。因此,树立正确的发展理念至关重要。

中国的发展进程,是理念探索与更新的过程。过去,为了从农业国迈向工业国,我们进行了艰辛探索,基本建立起国民经济体系、奠定了发展起飞的基础。改革开放以来,我国摸索出适合国情发展阶段的正确道路,取得了举世瞩目的发展成就,减贫人口约占世界的70%,正在开展人类历史上规模最大的工业化与城镇化进程。“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”五大发展理念,体现了立足鲜活实践、与时俱进的思想品格。在正确发展理念的指引下,中国特色社会主义的发展之路,必将彰显出更强大的生命力。

五大发展理念反映了时代要求,为新时期中国发展提供了科学指南

我国经济发展进入新常态,从内部看,存在人口数量红利减弱、资源环境约束增强、产业升级压力加大、增长速度放缓等矛盾;从外部看,存在传统竞争优势削弱、受发达国家与发展中国家两头挤压、逆全球化抬头、国际秩序主导权角逐激烈等难题,这迫切需要我国转方式、调结构、提质量、增效益,实现由大到强的转变,牢牢把握发展的主动权。我国进入由规模速度粗放型转向质量效益集约型的关键期,正在迈向形态更高级、分工更优化、结构更合理的崭新发展阶段。同时,我国仍处于大有可为的战略机遇期,具备人口与市场规模大、基础设施与产业配套全、参与国际竞争能力增强等不少优势,加之世界新一轮产业变革与我国发展转型历史性交汇,处理好了就是大机遇,否则就是大挑战。站在历史新高度的中国,需要以宽广的历史视野和世界眼光,以新理念激发新动力、引领新行动。

五大发展理念应时而生,体现了问题导向与目标导向、立足国内与放眼国际、全面规划与突破重点、战略性与操作性的有机结合,顺应了人类社会发展规律、社会主义建设规律和共产党执政规律。创新发展秉持中华文明“周虽旧邦、其命维新”的民族禀赋,致力于提升创新能力、缩小创新差距和提高全要素生产率,抢占未来发展制高点,着力解决发展动力问题;协调发展立足于发展的系统性、整体性、协同性和持续性,致力于弥补各种短板,努力缩小城乡、区域及贫富差距,推动经济与社会、物质与精神建设同步,注重解决发展不平衡问题;绿色发展传承天人合一、道法自然的中国智慧,顺应绿色低碳循环永续发展的世界大势,从盼温饱到盼环保、从求生存到求生态,着力解决人与自然和谐发展问题;开放发展吸取“盛世开放、衰世封闭”的历史经验,全面增强开放的气度与自信,以高水平开放推高难度改革、促高水平发展,创造更广阔的外部发展空间,着力解决好内外联动问题;共享发展践行以人民为中心的发展思想,坚持做大蛋糕与分好蛋糕并举,大力发展分享经济,注重解决社会公平正义问题。总体来看,五大理念提供了我国发展转型期的综合解决方案,将有力推动我国从经济大国向经济强国转变。

实践发展永无止境,贯彻落实新发展理念必将不断开拓发展新境界

理念是行动的先导,新发展理念正在成为发展新动力,取得明显成效,表现在以下方面:创新引领发展,新旧动能加速转换;协调发展加速发力,有效供求匹配性增强;绿色发展势头良好,生态建设加速推进;开放发展成效明显,两种资源两个市场充分利用;共享发展惠及人民,民生持续改善。

改革开放近40年来,我国创造了世界发展奇迹。无论是与自己过去还是与相同起点的国家比,我国的发展成就举世瞩目。但是与当今发达国家相比,我国发展差距依然很大;实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标,建设富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家,依然任重而道远。只要我们紧密团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围,沿着五大发展理念引领的方向坚定前行,一定能开辟中国发展转型的新天地,为中华民族伟大复兴奠定坚实的物质基础和精神基础。

(原文来源:经济日报 作者:杨正位 国家行政学院发展战略中心主任)

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