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发改委出台科学定价“顶层设计”方案 垄断行业价格监管制度化又跨一步

2017-09-01 07:21:12   中国经济网

垄断行业主要提供基础性、公益性产品和服务,与国计民生密切相关。由于具有资本投入量大、市场支配地位明显等特点,为保障公共利益,根据国际惯例,需要政府对这些行业的价格进行有效监管。此次国家发改委颁布指导意见,属我国首次对垄断行业科学定价进行顶层设计和系统谋划,对促进垄断行业健康可持续发展,节约社会用能成本,提高公共福利具有重要指导意义

近日,国家发展和改革委员会印发《关于进一步加强垄断行业价格监管的指导意见》,明确以成本监审为基础,以科学定价机制为支柱,建立健全以“准许成本+合理收益”为核心、约束与激励相结合的垄断行业定价制度,促进垄断行业健康可持续发展,合理降低垄断行业价格。

这是国家首次对垄断行业科学定价实行顶层设计和系统谋划,也是今后一个时期我国对垄断行业价格监管的重要遵循。

专家表示,《指导意见》的出台,有利于促进垄断行业健康可持续发展,节约社会用能成本,提高整个社会的公共福利。更重要的是,这意味着科学透明的垄断行业价格监管体系即将建立,垄断行业价格监管加速走向制度化、精细化。

价格监管难度大

垄断行业是由一个或少数经营主体拥有市场支配地位的行业,主要指因存在资源稀缺性、规模经济效益而由一个或少数企业经营的网络型自然垄断环节和重要公用事业、公益性服务行业。

这些行业主要提供基础性、公益性产品和服务,与国计民生密切相关,对促进经济社会发展、保障人民群众生活具有重要作用。由于具有资本投入量大、市场支配地位明显、关乎民生、难以形成有效竞争等特点,为保障公共利益,根据国际惯例,需要政府对这些行业的价格实行有效监管。

党的十八大以来,我国各级价格主管部门加快推进垄断行业定价制度建设,先后出台了输配电、天然气管道运输、铁路客运等重点行业定价办法或成本监审办法,初步建立起以“准许成本+合理收益”为核心的垄断行业定价制度框架,严格成本监审,强化价格监管。

当前,我国垄断行业经营成本不够透明、价格形成不够合理的现象还比较突出,成本监审制度不够完善、覆盖面还需扩大,监管能力有待进一步提升,监管的科学化、精细化水平还需提高。

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