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东南亚多国二季度经济增速超预期

2017-08-31 06:35:40   中国经济网

二季度东南亚诸国经济增速喜人,需求、投资、出口各领域整体表现不俗。图为雅加达街头的夜市,午夜时分仍是车来车往、人头攒动,市民们尤其是年轻人成为市场中最具活力的群体。经济日报记者 田 原摄

二季度东南亚多国经济增速超过市场预期,整体发展态势令人欣喜。东南亚地区经济增长的最大外部不确定因素仍是特朗普政府的保护主义举措和美联储加息节奏。此外,市场也高度关注中国经济结构调整对东南亚诸国的影响。

根据各国近期发布的数据,2017年二季度东南亚多国经济增速超过市场预期,整体发展态势令人欣喜。

在东南亚国家中,菲律宾经济增长最为亮眼,达到6.5%,在亚洲仅次于排名第一的中国。据菲律宾国家统计局介绍,在公共支出基建项目大规模上马和农业领域快速反弹的双重刺激下,二季度经济增速比一季度又提高了0.1%,高于市场预期。菲律宾国家统计局负责经济规划事务的高级官员裴妮亚表示,全年有望达到7.5%的经济增长,菲律宾总统杜特尔特任期内经济增速达到8%的目标也有望实现。“例如,出口累计增长了14%,消费增长接近6%,基建领域增长从一季度的1.9%一跃升至二季度的13.9%,不少开发商毛利润增幅接近两成。由此可见,一切都在正轨之上,菲律宾经济增长仍将处于亚洲第一梯队。”裴妮亚说。

二季度,马来西亚经济增速达到了5.8%,高于市场此前预期的5.4%,也创下了两年多来新高。据此,马来西亚央行将全年经济增速预期值调高至4.8%,此前的预期增速仅为4.3%。据分析,马来西亚经济快速反弹的原因主要是内需走强及出口提速,建筑、制造、服务等多个行业增速均显著提高,经常账户顺差较上季度增长了81.3%,至22.4亿美元,资本账户由上季度净流出转为本季度净流入,通货膨胀率降到了相对温和的4%,马来西亚货币林吉特上半年较美元累计升值4.5%。由于二季度经济增速强劲和政府控制赤字能力增强,惠誉评级给予马来西亚的最新主权信用评级是A-,投资前景展望为稳定。对此,马来西亚总理纳吉布在其个人社交媒体账号上发文说:“这是国际市场对马来西亚宏观调控能力的又一肯定。”

泰国经济增速也达到了3.7%,创4年多来新高,远高于市场此前预期的3.2%。有别于其他国家刺激内需的做法,东南亚第二大经济体泰国的经济增长主要归功于强劲的出口势头、快速发展的旅游业和稳步走强的泰铢。据此,泰国政府判断经济复苏势头已然稳固,逐步走出了2014年政局动荡造成的发展困局。有专家分析认为,在外需趋旺、货币政策放宽、财政政策刺激等多因素作用下,今年后两个季度泰国经济仍将保持强劲增长。例如,泰铢今年已较美元累计升值7.8%,但并未影响泰国出口态势,所以全年经济增速有望达到4%;其中,出口对经济增长的贡献率将超过三分之二,增速将高达5.7%。

市场评估认为,虽然东南亚诸国经济表现亮眼,但未来发展也面临着诸多内部的不确定性因素。如泰国处于国丧期,菲律宾政府针对贩毒集团和恐怖集团的军事打击仍在继续,马来西亚则面临大选,这些国家内政的不稳定性对投资将会产生负面影响。又如,菲律宾货币比索自6月份以来出现大幅贬值,对美元跌至11年来新低,菲律宾央行行长伊斯裴妮拉日前不得不发声:“时刻准备采取措施维护价格和金融市场稳定。”同时,泰国还面临内需不振的考验,经济学家维克托里诺认为,“私营经济需求不足将加剧通胀压力,进而掣肘泰国经济复苏的可持续性”。再有就是印尼,作为东南亚最大经济体,二季度增速虽达到5%,但基本与一季度持平,也低于市场预期,主要原因是内需不足,尤其是投资需求尚难以带动经济复苏。

目前,市场认为东南亚地区经济增长的最大外部不确定因素仍是特朗普政府的保护主义举措和美联储加息节奏。此外,市场也高度关注中国经济结构调整对东南亚诸国的影响。(经济日报驻雅加达记者 田 原)

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