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司法考试改革将引发哪些法律职业资格变化?

2017-08-28 20:06:15   中国青年网

——焦点二:从事法律职业的人员是否必须要通过国家统一考试?

“从事法律工作,政治性很强,专业化要求很高。草案明确规定,从事法律职业的人员,应当通过国家统一法律职业资格考试取得法律职业资格。”邓昌友说。

法官法等8部法律修正案草案对此拟作出修改。例如,将现行仲裁法第十三条第二款第一项修改为“(一)通过国家统一法律职业资格考试取得法律职业资格,从事仲裁工作满八年的”。行政复议法修正案草案在现行法律第三条中增加一款规定:“行政机关中初次从事行政复议的人员,应当通过国家统一法律职业资格考试取得法律职业资格。”

行政处罚法修正案草案也增加规定:“在行政机关负责人作出决定之前,应当由行政机关从事行政处罚决定审核的人员进行审核。行政机关中初次从事行政处罚决定审核的人员,应当通过国家统一法律职业资格考试取得法律职业资格。”

王旭认为,法律职业资格制度改革和这次修法,有利于建立起统一的法律职业入门“门槛”,促进法律职业的实质统一,体现出专业岗位必须具备专业知识的思路。

对于社会关注的“非法学专业能否报考国家统一法律职业资格考试”的问题,记者从有关部门了解到,这次法律修改对于报考的资格条件没有进行明确规定。

而法官法、检察官法、公务员法修正案草案规定,国家统一法律职业资格考试由国务院司法行政部门商最高人民法院、最高人民检察院等有关部门组织实施。因此,规定报考资格等具体条件的实施办法日后将由多部门共同制定。

——焦点三:新旧制度如何衔接?

建立法律职业资格制度后,此前取得的国家统一司法考试合格证书、律师资格证怎么办?这是很多人关心的问题。

律师法修正案草案明确规定,实行国家统一法律职业资格考试前取得的国家统一司法考试合格证书、律师资格凭证,与国家统一法律职业资格证书具有同等效力。

在两种证书的效力问题上,潘剑锋认为,新旧两种证书具有同等效力,有利于大量持旧证的法律职业工作者直接与新制度对接,减少转轨过程对现实工作的影响,确保法治系统平稳运行。“同时,新旧证书效果一致,实际上是扩大了法律职业的入口,有利于稳定法律职业工作队伍。”潘剑锋说。

在对国家统一法律职业资格考试作出规定的同时,草案还进一步明确了禁止从事法律职业的情形。

邓昌友指出,法官法、检察官法和公务员法分别规定了不得担任法官、检察官和公务员的情形。草案在律师法、公证法中增加规定:被吊销律师、公证员执业证书的申请人不得担任律师、公证员;被吊销律师执业证书的,不得担任辩护人、诉讼代理人,但系刑事诉讼、民事诉讼、行政诉讼当事人的监护人、近亲属的除外。

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