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最高法出台公司法司法解释 公司不得以公司章程等方式剥夺股东法定知情权

2017-08-28 17:36:06   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网8月28日讯记者李万祥报道:《最高人民法院关于适用若干问题的规定(四)》(以下简称《解释》)将于2017年9月1日起施行。以后,涉及决议效力、股东知情权、利润分配权、优先购买权和股东代表诉讼等纠纷案件将按照新规审理。其中,《解释》明确规定公司不得以公司章程、股东间协议等方式,实质性剥夺股东的法定知情权。公司以此为由拒绝股东行使法定知情权的,人民法院将不予支持。

召开股东会或者股东大会、董事会会议,就公司经营事项作出决议,是公司治理的主要方式。在完善决议效力瑕疵诉讼制度方面,《解释》明确了三个方面内容,包括确定了决议不成立之诉、决议效力案件的原告范围和确认决议无效或者撤销决议的法律效力。其中,股东会或者股东大会、董事会决议被人民法院判决确认无效或者撤销的,公司依据该决议与善意相对人形成的民事法律关系不受影响。

“公司法第三十三条、第九十七条赋予了股东查阅、复制公司章程、决议等文件材料的权利。该权利是公司法赋予股东的固有权,属于法定知情权,是股东权利中的基础性权利,依法应当严格保护。”最高人民法院审判委员会专职委员杜万华指出,《解释》不仅明确了股东就公司法规定享有的诉权,有限责任公司原股东享有的有限诉权,而且对股东查阅公司会计账簿可能有的不正当目的作了列举,明确划定了公司拒绝权的行使边界。《解释》还就股东可以请求未依法履行职责的公司董事、高级管理人员赔偿损失作了规定,以防止从根本上损害股东知情权。

利润分配权,是指股东有权按照出资或股份比例请求分配公司利润的权利。是否分配和如何分配公司利润,原则上属于商业判断和公司自治的范畴,司法一般不应介入。然而,近年来,公司大股东违反同股同权原则和股东权利不得滥用原则,排挤、压榨小股东,导致公司不分配利润,损害小股东利润分配权的现象时有发生。为此,《解释》规定,公司股东滥用权利,导致公司不分配利润给其他股东造成损失的,司法可以适当干预,以实现对公司自治失灵的矫正。

按照公司法规定,股东向公司股东以外的人转让股权时,其他股东享有的在同等条件下优先购买转让股权的权利。这是股东维护其人合性利益的主要法律依据。但关于股东优先购买权的行使通知、行使方式、行使期限、损害救济等,公司法没有具体规定。对此,《解释》进行了细化规定。例如,转让股东应当以书面或者其他能够确认收悉的合理方式,将转让股权的同等条件通知其他股东;股东优先购买权的行使期限,应当按照章程规定期限、转让股东通知期限和30日最低期限的先后顺序确定;判断“同等条件”应当考虑的主要因素,包括转让股权的数量、价格、支付方式及期限。

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