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最高法发布《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(四)》

2017-08-28 14:00:58   央广网

央广网北京8月28日消息(记者孙莹)据中国之声《央广新闻》报道,为正确适用《中华人民共和国公司法》,审理好决议效力、股东知情权、利润分配权、优先购买权和股东代表诉讼等纠纷案件,最高人民法院今天发布 《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(四)》(以下简称“公司法司法解释四”),共27条规定,9月1日起开始施行。 

在保护股东知情权方面,公司法司法解释四有哪些规定?

《公司法》第三十三条、第九十七条赋予了股东查阅、复制公司章程、决议等文件材料的权利。这些权利是《公司法》赋予股东的固有权,属于法定知情权,也是股东权利中的基础性权利,依法应当严格保护。

最高人民法院审判委员会专职委员杜万华介绍,公司法司法解释四针对适用这两条规定中遇到的争议较多的问题,作出了规定:首先,结合诉的利益原则,公司法司法解释四明确了股东就《公司法》享有的诉权,并规定了有限责任公司原股东享有的有限诉权。二是结合司法实践经验,对股东查阅公司会计账簿可能有的不正当目的作了列举,明确划定了公司拒绝权的行使边界。明确规定,公司不得以公司章程、股东间协议这种方式,实质性剥夺股东的法定知情权。公司以此为由拒绝股东行使法定知情权的,人民法院不予支持。另外,为保障股东知情权的行使,对股东聘请中介机构执业人员辅助查阅,作了规定。就股东可以请求未依法履行职责的公司董事、高级管理人员赔偿损失也作出规定,以防止从根本上损害股东知情权。

公司法司法解释四还对股东哪些权利的保护进行了细化?

公司法司法解释四积极探索、完善对股东利润分配权的司法救济。利润分配权,是指股东有权按照出资或股份比例请求分配公司利润的权利。是否分配和如何分配公司利润,原则上属于商业判断和公司自治的范畴,人民法院一般不应介入。因此,公司法司法解释四明确规定,股东请求公司分配利润的,应当提交载明具体分配方案的股东会或者股东大会决议;未提交的,人民法院原则上应当不予支持。

针对在现实生活中存在的公司不分配利润,但董事、高级管理人员领取过高薪酬,或者由控股股东操纵公司购买与经营无关的财物或者服务,用于自身使用或者消费,或者隐瞒、转移利润等情形,排挤、压榨小股东,导致公司不分配利润,损害小股东利润。公司法司法解释四明确规定,公司股东滥用权利,导致公司不分配利润给其他股东造成损失的,司法可以适当干预,以实现对公司自治失灵的矫正。   

公司法司法解释四还规定了股东优先购买权的行使和损害救济,同时,对股东的监督权,完善了股东代表诉讼机制。公司法司法解释四还就决议效力瑕疵诉讼制度作了明确规定。

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