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可实现化学能到电能往复转换 钒电池担当“电力银行”

2017-08-28 06:20:45   中国经济网

近年来,随着清洁能源发电的广泛应用,储能行业也获得了很大的发展。特别是以钒电池为代表的储能电站建设,为电网接纳可再生能源发电提供了良好的技术支持,促进了节能减排

风能、太阳能等可再生能源的发展已是大势所趋,然而由于风能等清洁能源具有不连续、不稳定等特性,大规模并网后对电网调峰、调频及电能质量均会带来不利影响,这限制了清洁能源的广泛应用。储能技术则有望解决上述困扰。

近年来,钒电池凭借其安全性高、寿命长、低污染等特性,成为可再生能源储能、电网调峰、备用电源等领域的首选技术之一。钒电池全称全钒液流电池,是一种通过钒离子价态变化,实现化学能到电能的往复转换,从而将风力或太阳能所产生力存储与释放的大型储能电池,业内形象地称之为“电力银行”。

记者在采访中了解到,美国、日本等发达国家用于电站调峰和风力储能的钒电池产业发展迅速,技术已经基本成熟。然而,我国的钒电池产业还处于起步阶段。统计数据显示,我国钒储量占全球储量的35%,居全球第一位,钒产量占全球产量的48%。业内专家表示,得天独厚的钒资源优势为我国钒电池产业的发展创造了十分有利的条件。

2012年,由融科储能公司建设的“5MW/10MWh全钒液流电池储能应用示范电站”在沈阳市龙源卧牛石风电场落成,并顺利通过了辽宁电网和业主的验收,各项指标均达到了设计要求。“这是目前世界上第一套实际并网运行超过4年的5MW级钒电池储能电站,标志着公司在该领域技术研发、成套产品生产等方面处于国际领先水平。”大连融科储能技术有限公司总裁助理王晓丽告诉《经济日报》记者,该储能电站直接接受辽宁省电力公司调度,参与电网削峰填谷,有效提高了电网对风力发电的接纳能力,推动可再生能源发电的健康发展,促进了节能减排。

稳定运行4年多以来,该储能系统大大提高了风电场输出功率的可靠性。相较于常规发电机组,风电场发电具有较大的波动性和随机性,无法根据实际需求随时保障平稳供电。“例如,某天下午3点,电力公司要为A用户提供两小时50兆瓦功率的电力,如果当时风力不足就无法满足所需功率。”王晓丽说,储能系统实时吸收和释放功率,可以使风电场更加适应电力系统调度的运行需要,将其作为有效电源管理。此外,储能系统在平滑风电场出力、提高风电供电可靠性等方面也发挥着重要作用。

中国科学院大连化学物理研究所研究员张华民表示,融科储能与中国科学院大连化学物理研究所通过产学研合作,已在全钒液流电池核心领域和关键技术攻关上实现了重大突破,相继在电池材料、成套装备系统、储能应用以及产业化制造等方面形成了完整的知识产权体系,拥有170余项国内外专利,是全钒液流电池国内及国际标准制定的牵头单位。

目前,储能行业正处于从示范项目向大规模产业化跨越的关键时期。国际著名咨询机构麦肯锡更是将储能技术列为改变未来的12项颠覆性技术之一。根据国际能源机构(IEA)的预计,到2050年全球储能市场规模将达数万亿美元,我国储能行业也将坐拥数万亿元人民币的市场体量。作为当前储能设备的首选技术之一,钒电池具有十分强劲的发展潜力,甚至有可能改变未来的能源格局。

按照我国《新能源汽车产业发展规划》和近年来电池行业数据的测算,钒电池所应用的风电储能设备和城市调峰储能设备市场规模将在16000亿元左右,绿色经济发展的浪潮将会给钒电池产业带来前所未有的历史机遇。(经济日报记者 李芃达)

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