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吸引城市富余资金回流农村—— 网贷平台掘金农业供应链金融

2017-08-25 03:36:12   中国经济网

目前,我国农村金融市场主要依赖农商行、农信社等传统金融机构,在实际金融交易过程中,由于农企和农户存在贷款额度小、经营分散及可供抵押资产较少等问题,传统金融机构往往不愿意提供借贷资金。为解决处于上下游中小农企和农户融资问题,中央政策文件中多次提及“支持‘三农’和小微企业”“改造并拓展农业全产业链”。在此政策背景下,互联网金融机构正加速布局农业领域,以供应链为突破口来解决“三农”融资问题。

在业内人士看来,网贷平台凭借技术优势,可以消除金融地域歧视,吸引城市富余资金回流农村,未来有望成为解决“三农”领域融资难问题的主要出路。盈灿咨询研究员王蔚表示,在“三农”金融市场,网贷平台提供的服务范围比较广,服务的对象包括种植养殖户、农资企业、农机企业、农产品加工企业、农产品经销商、农产品批发商等,提供的服务包括信用贷款、质押贷款、抵押贷款、应收账款贷款、联保贷款等。

据盈灿咨询不完全统计,提供农业供应链金融业务的网贷平台,借款期限一般在24个月以内,借款利率在5%至15%之间,还款方式多以“到期一次性还本付息”为主。在模式上,一般分为3种类型,分别为通过核心企业、核心数据和核心资产切入农业供应链金融。

记者了解到,以核心企业切入农业供应链金融,其模式是以核心企业的上下游为服务对象,将资金注入处于上下游中小企业,解决中小企业融资难和供应链失衡的问题。网贷平台通过为上游农户和下游供销商融资,与供应链核心企业达成战略合作。同时,平台还可以通过获取核心企业下游经销商的销售数据,来完成定价、风控等措施。在这一模式中,核心企业通过管理上游农户和下游供销商的资金流、物流和信息流,把单个企业的不可控风险转变为供应链企业整体的可控风险。

以核心数据切入农业供应链金融,对网贷平台的技术要求较高,其模式的重点在于数据的获取能力和建模分析能力。通常电商平台和软件公司控股的网贷平台会采用这种模式。在这类模式中,电商平台既能掌握商户交易流水,又能了解到借款人各种消费偏好和信用评级,可以有效控制风险;软件公司控股的网贷平台会围绕使用同种软件的企业为其提供相应的金融服务。

以核心资产切入农业供应链金融,即供应商将基于其与采购商订立的货物销售/服务合同所产生的应收账款转让给保理公司,由保理公司向其提供融资服务,保理公司再将应收账款的受益权转让给网贷平台,到期后商业保理从供应商处收回本息并支付给网贷平台。这种模式下需通过对合作保理公司的筛选和授信来控制业务的风险,主要的风险点在于应收账款真实性、各环节参与方应收账款坏账风险。

王蔚表示,网贷平台通过深耕农业领域、发展普惠金融,不但可以解决农户融资难的问题,而且可以获取优质资产,享受农业发展的政策红利。对于农业供应链金融中存在的风险,网贷平台可以依托现场风控审核人员,积累农户的信息,获取优质的借贷资源,增加涉农风险可控性。未来,还可以利用区块链技术服务农业供应链金融,解决上下游信息不对称的问题。

资本也越来越看好布局农业供应链领域的网贷平台。据不完全统计,目前已有6家专注于农业供应链金融的平台获得融资,其中宝象金融获得信达金控亿元级的战略投资;理财农场半年时间里完成A轮系列共1.3亿元的融资,公司估值达10亿元;大麦理财则完成了C轮融资。(经济日报记者 钱箐旎)

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