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空中丝绸之路如何破题?

2017-08-24 18:01:41   中国经济网

中国提出的“一带一路”倡议已经得到越来越多的世界共识,也成为全球对抗贸易保护主义的最佳路径。伴随着陆上、海上丝绸之路的热络,越来越多的一带一路沿线国家开始期待空中的丝绸之路。特别是与中国接壤的中亚和南亚国家,受山地地貌和海岛地貌困扰,铁路和高速公路的互联互通成本高、传统的船运速度慢,如何能够“中国办法”解决空中丝绸之路挑战就变得格外重要。

中国的航空工业发展举世瞩目,几次阅兵展示的空军装备更是让国人扬眉吐气。但是,在国际民用航空领域,依然缺少中国制造的大规模机队身影,备受瞩目的“大飞机”C919量产仍需时日、且是针对长途和大运量市场,对中国周边临近复杂地貌国家的运输市场力所不逮。反观国内的支线航空和通用航空市场发展刚刚起步,很多服务和产品依然受制于欧美,公众媒体也倾向于推崇欧美飞机,夸大中国民用飞机的不足。这是否意味着中国就应该放弃周边国家的“空中丝路”主导权呢?

答案是显而否定的,空中丝绸之路是一带一路倡议最重要的组成部分之一,是中国军民融合国家战略的必要依托——航空工业是一国现代制造业的代表,是“中国制造2025”的重要组成部分,也是宏观经济新常态下“中国制造”转型升级不可获取的一环。从地缘政治角度讲,军民融合国家战略需要中国制造具备全序列航空器生产能力,需要保持航空军用和民用产品的平衡发展,需要在全球范围内具备通过航空速便捷的应急解决方案能力,空中丝绸之路恰恰给了这样一个契机。通过近期对相关国家的调研,我们建议不妨从以下四方面破题“空中丝路”:

第一,鼓励央企先行,发挥航空国家队先锋官的职能。一带一路沿线国家航空市场尚需开发、相关领域法律法规也待健全,地缘政治风险相对发达国家显然更大;另一方面,航空业是标准的资本密集型行业,需要经营者拥有较为雄厚的资金和资本实力,中国现有航空民营企业不宜冒进。为此,应该鼓励在航空基础设施建设、航空器制造、航空相关产品生产、航线经营等领域拥有经验和资本优势的国有企业、特别是央企走在“空中丝路”的前列,鼓励国产支线飞机到国外总装生产,用跨国品牌战略为中国航空的未来探索蓝海市场。

第二,应该鼓励中国企业协同配合,旨在为周边国家提供一揽子航空市场解决方案。中小人口规模的发展中国家,其航空业进步需要多领域平衡发展,包括不同层次的机场建设、飞行机队的规模化、航空设备维修体系、本土民航飞行员培训、航空港周边园区建设等等。随着中国民航市场成为世界最大的航空市场之一,相关领域的服务现代化和系统化已经成型,中国企业在多个领域已经比肩欧美发达国家,包括中国制造的军用飞机早已经是国际防务市场的主流产品,中国制造的上百家民用飞机已经服务了近二十个国家民航,中国建筑承包的国际机场升级改造项目更是不计其数,中国已经具备了为周边国家提供一揽子航空解决方案的能力。

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