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通讯:探路“冰上丝绸之路”——记中国科考队穿越北冰洋中央航道

2017-08-22 22:00:34   新华网

新华社“雪龙”号8月22日电 通讯:探路“冰上丝绸之路”——记中国科考队穿越北冰洋中央航道

新华社记者 郁琼源

2017年8月2日至8月16日,中国第八次北极科学考察队乘“雪龙”号科考船历史性地从公海区穿越北冰洋,成功试航北冰洋中央航道。

14天,1700海里,在一次次选择与坚持下,中国科考队不畏艰险,为中国北极科考开辟了新区域,积极探索“冰上丝绸之路”。

  新航线

北极航道主要包括俄罗斯沿岸的东北航道、经加拿大北部北极群岛的西北航道和穿越北冰洋中央公海海域的中央航道。

“8月2日,在楚科奇海台完成作业后,我们首先考虑的就是如何实施冰站作业任务,当时并没有想过从冰情复杂的北冰洋公海区穿越北冰洋,”徐韧说,“当时首选是在西北方向的密集冰区边走边作业,然后走东北航道。”

当7日完成第5个冰站作业时,科考队实际上已穿越了第一个海冰密集区。“当时我就想,我们能不能尝试从公海走中央航道,对这一航道进行考察。”徐韧说。

他解释道,当时有两个有利条件,一是考察队借冰站作业之机实际上已完成了部分中央航道的航行,为中央航道穿越奠定了基础并节省了时间;二是依照国内提供的海冰信息,前方冰情相对乐观。

“经过讨论,大家都赞同尝试穿越北冰洋中央航道。8日,船长朱兵再次仔细计算了航线和时间,基本确定不会耽误后续作业。我们才下定决心,要走出一条新航线。”徐韧说。

  破冰行

由于后续公海区纬度要高于之前穿越的海域,最高需要超过北纬85度,这意味着冰情将更为复杂,“雪龙”号的冰区航行也将面临更大挑战。为确保安全,科考队对即将面临的风险进行了评估。

不出预料,科考队10日迎来了整个航程中最困难的时刻。海冰越来越厚,网络又不畅,收不到冰情预报,海雾也越来越频繁……

徐韧回忆,这是科考队穿越的第二个海冰密集区,也是最为艰难的一次穿越,海冰的平均厚度在1.5至2.0米,最厚达到了4米。

“当时有过犹豫,”徐韧说,“我们的副领队何剑锋说,再走一天看看……走了一天觉得还行,遇到了比较厚的冰,最终还是穿过去了。”

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