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经济日报:“毒鸡蛋”击中欧盟监管机制弊端

2017-08-22 07:00:31   中国经济网

虽然此次欧洲“毒鸡蛋”事件仅是一起食品安全事件,但在更深层次上折射出欧盟一体化进程仍然任重道远。近年来接连发生的系列食品安全丑闻,不仅反映了欧盟冗杂的行政监管机制有“落伍”之嫌,也暴露出成员国间信息流通不透明、责任划分不到位、应急反应不及时等一系列弊病。

近日曝出的欧洲“毒鸡蛋”事件后续影响不断发酵,除了身处事件“风暴眼”中的荷兰、比利时、德国等西欧国家深受其害,亚洲的韩国等国禽蛋市场亦“闻蛋色变”,一方面收紧对本国氟虫腈农药的使用管制,另一方面加强进出口检疫力度,将欧产鸡蛋“拒之门外”。

共同食品安全检测机制一直是欧盟近年来引以为傲的一项一体化成果,欧盟对食品安全检疫的标准更是以严苛而著称。然而此次“毒鸡蛋”事件曝光后,欧洲乃至世界消费者对贴有“欧盟制造”标签的食品信心必将打点折扣。

“毒鸡蛋”事件对欧洲民众的心理与日常生活影响相当明显。首先,欧盟国家间食品流通度极高,在比利时吃到的西瓜基本产自西班牙或希腊,德国超市里的蓝莓多数为荷兰种植。因此,荷兰“毒鸡蛋”对欧洲各国的“传染”速度极快,目前包括比利时、德国、法国、瑞典等多达16个国家的市场上均发现了含有氟虫腈成分的鸡蛋,部分当地超市内的鸡蛋货架要么标出“打折”字样,要么彻底停止出售鸡蛋。一位曾在中国常驻多年的欧洲记者打趣称,鸡蛋占据了欧洲人每日餐桌近三分之一的比例,欧洲人如果没有鸡蛋,的确会在下厨时“发蒙”。目前,“毒鸡蛋”风波何时能够平息尚未可知,但最近荷、比两国互相推卸责任以及欧盟应对迟缓则不断点燃着当地消费者与商户的怒火。

上世纪80年代,由于欧盟境内食品安全问题频发,欧盟委员会于1992年专门就食品安全监管问题修改了《欧盟条约》,修改后的《欧盟条约》特别赋予了欧盟对食品安全的监管权限,旨在保证欧盟消费者的健康权益。自此,欧盟的食品安全风险评估、风险监管以及市场流通能力得到了质的提升,同时欧盟还通过法律手段,规范了成员国层面的食品安全监管权利与义务,堪称为食品安全上了“双保险”。

不过,事实证明,欧盟的食品“双保险”依然有漏洞。首先,成员国之间“踢皮球”。根据当地媒体披露,比利时食品安全局最早于今年6月份便已知晓相关情况,但因处于“调查举证阶段”,便未予公开。同时,比利时农业大臣还在近日召开的听证会上表示,荷兰去年11月份便发现了鸡蛋内氟虫腈超标问题,在比利时6月份要求荷兰提供相关情况时,荷兰直到7月中旬才给予回应。对此,荷兰食品安全部门予以反击称,“我们去年11月份未发现相关情况”。换言之,当前比利时与荷兰均忙着“甩锅”,事件主责方仍笼罩在迷雾之中。

其次,欧盟监管部门还处于“赶往现场的路上”。根据欧盟委员会发言人近日的表述,激活欧盟食品与饲料快速预警系统的前提是“成员国上报相关信息”,但欧盟直至7月20日才接收到比利时有关“毒鸡蛋”的报告。言下之意,这“锅”欧盟也不能背。

另据当地媒体消息,鉴于欧盟主要机构当前正处于夏休期,预计欧盟官方对“毒鸡蛋”事件的具体应对行动将会延迟至9月份。

虽然此次“毒鸡蛋”事件仅是一起食品安全事件,但其在更深层次上折射出欧盟一体化进程仍然任重道远。在号称对食品安全监管最为严格的欧盟境内,近年来接连发生了“毒鸡蛋”“马肉事件”“毒草莓”“毒豆芽”等食品安全丑闻,不仅反映了欧盟监管机构内部冗杂的行政监管机制有“落伍”之嫌,也暴露出成员国间在面对此类事件时,信息流通不透明、责任划分不到位、应急反应不及时等一系列弊病。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:陈 博)

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