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六问"传销":传销为何屡禁不止?误入后如何摆脱?

2017-08-19 14:16:59   新华社新媒体专线

(原标题:六问“传销“:传销为何屡禁不止?)

工商总局、教育部、公安部、人力资源社会保障部近日联合发出《关于开展以“招聘、介绍工作”为名从事传销活动专项整治工作的通知》,决定联手开展为期3个月的传销活动专项整治行动。相信活动的开展,将对传销形成打击和威慑。

几成社会公害的传销到底有哪些特点?它是如何赚钱的?它又是如何洗脑的?为何人们容易受骗?新华社“中国网事”记者带你了解传销。

传销是什么,有何特点?

《禁止传销条例》指出,传销是指组织者或者经营者发展人员,通过对被发展人员以其直接或间接发展的人员数量或销售业绩为依据计算和给付报酬,或者要求被发展人员以交纳一定费用为条件取得加入资格等方式牟取非法利益,扰乱经济秩序,影响社会稳定的行为。

从事民间反传销工作十多年的李旭说:“入伙费、拉人头、团队计酬是传销团伙的三大特点。具有上述特点的可认为是传销。”

入伙费——传销组织通常以各种名义敛财,只有参加人员交钱,团伙才能吸纳资金。

发展下线——缴纳“入伙费”后,传销团伙会千方百计让加入者发展下线。

团队计酬——团伙通常通过“发展下线、层层提成”的方式诱骗财富。

  漫画:“套路” 新华社发

传销组织结构什么样?

多位参与传销的人员告诉记者,传销团伙是典型的科层制,组织内部由上至下分为不同层级,不同层级之间包含数个晋升阶段,如“A级B晋制”,即传销组织内由上至下分为A个等级,等级之间有B个晋升阶段。其中,“五级三晋制”最为常见,代表为“蝶贝蕾”。

一些传销组织不会明确组织内的层级和晋升途径,而是要求传销成员不断单纯发展下线。如“1040阳光工程”,在推荐人带领下申购一定资金成为组织成员,然后发展3个下线;下线要投资和上线一样的资金后,每人还要再发展3个下线,以此类推。

此外记者采访发现,披着互联网外衣的传销已模糊了组织结构。比如网游传销,对外宣称通过游戏、拉人头、购买等方式,获得游戏中的虚拟货币升级分红,但此方式极难,需要通过拉人头、购买等方式获取虚拟货币升级,以达到欺骗钱财的目的。

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