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对话中国首例“冷冻人”丈夫:活不过来 也为医学做贡献

2017-08-16 08:05:41   中国青年网

8月15日,是妻子展文莲的百日祭,按照济南商河的风俗,桂军民会在太阳落山之后去祭奠,“陪她说说话,放她喜欢听的音乐,带着她喜欢的花,就好了。”

2017年5月8日,49岁的展文莲因肺癌去世。去世前,她的家人代她完成了遗体捐献登记手续,决定在死后接受一项人体冷冻手术,将她的遗体存放在容积2000升、零下196℃的液氮罐内——这也被认为是中国本土首例人体全身冷冻术。

保存展文莲遗体的液氮罐。银丰研究院供图

山东银丰生命科学研究院和山东大学齐鲁医院共同实施了这项长达两天的手术。据山东银丰生命科学研究院介绍,在主治医生宣布展文莲临床死亡之后的两分钟内,几位临床响应专家向她的体内注射了抗凝、抗氧化和中枢神经营养等药物,并通过循环系统快速输注冰盐水进行物理降温,同时实施气管插管,启动呼吸机和Lucas2等心肺支持设备,以保障身体供血供氧,维持机体生理功能。十三分钟后,展文莲又被转运至银丰研究院低温医学研究中心,运用微创双通路体外循环灌注技术,在特制低温手术台上通过体外循环技术将体温降至18℃左右,开始进行血液置换和多个梯度的冷冻保护剂灌注。这些程序完成后,展文莲被转移至一个大跨度自动程序降温设备中深度降温至零下190℃左右。

5月10日,在山东银丰生命科学研究院低温医学研究中心,桂军民见到降温完成以后的妻子躺在特制的床上:她的头露出来,锁骨以下盖着看不见,但从脸部可以看出,因为脱水,稍微瘦了一点,像睡着了,很放松很安详。15秒后,展文莲被转移至超低温的液氮罐中长期保存,期待未来有一天可能被“复活”。

人体冷冻术寄托了人类对未来的期许,但也是一项前沿而有争议的技术。世界上有三大提供冷冻人体业务的机构,其中总部位于美国亚利桑那州的阿尔科生命延续基金在1976年进行了他们的首例人体冷冻术。但目前为止,世界上的人体冷冻机构能操作的只有冷冻和保管,“复活”尚无先例——冷冻和“复苏”过程中可能面临严重的细胞损伤,使得保存尤其困难。因此,这项技术更多被认为是一种商业行为。

中科院理化技术研究所研究员、低温生物医学工程学北京市重点实验室主任刘静此前接受澎湃新闻采访时表示,现阶段的人体冻存更接近于一种遗体保存服务。乐观地说,随着未来新科技的涌现,打破人体冷冻的技术难题,从而实现复苏、存活,也并非一定不可能,但需要艰苦卓绝与极具创新的科学探险。如果攻克这一技术难题,将是人类最重大的科技突破之一。人类将因此突破年龄的限制,实现星际旅行,并“任意切换生命进程”,应用在永葆青春以及对抗疾病等方面。

不过,时任国家人类基因组南方研究中心伦理学部主任沈铭贤曾表示,尽管我国法律没有禁止人体冷冻和长期保存的规定,但这一打破生命周期的行为可能对医学伦理形成巨大挑战。

49岁的桂军民是济南一家事业单位的工作人员,一向健康的妻子突然患上肺癌后,他的生活骤然改变,得知妻子疾病无法治愈后,他将妻子送进临终关怀医院,机缘巧合接触到人体冷冻技术后,他没有经历太长世俗观念的挣扎。

夫妻俩都很赞同遗体捐献,觉得人走了,“总得给社会留点什么,能用的全给人家用了,用不了的剩下骨头架子,给送到学校的解剖室去,挂那儿也行。”

“未来的技术,我们只能期待以后的事情了。即使活不过来,也可以为医学做一点贡献。”桂军民对澎湃新闻记者说。

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