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新闻分析:弗吉尼亚骚乱背后的“白人心态”

2017-08-15 19:27:16   中国经济网

新华社北京8月15日电 新闻分析:弗吉尼亚骚乱背后的“白人心态”

新华社记者柳丝

“我们是谁?”10多年前,带着盎格鲁-新教文化的认同危机感,“文明冲突论”的提出者塞缪尔·亨廷顿对美国人的身份发出了这样一问。亨廷顿对其他人种和群体冲击美国文化和“美国信念”的那种白人心态,似乎一语成谶。

近日,在美国“开国三杰”托马斯·杰斐逊的家乡——弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市,爆发了10年来最大的白人至上主义游行。游行最终演化成暴力骚乱。当地时间14日,美国总统特朗普发表声明,谴责白人至上主义、三K党、新纳粹以及其他“仇恨组织”为“罪犯和暴徒”,“令人厌恶”。

特朗普执政的试金石

有人说,弗吉尼亚骚乱与特朗普现象,其背后都有一种白人危机的心态。

为什么会产生如此联想?一个原因是,特朗普的支持票中,白人危机感赫然。

对于特朗普的主体支持者,媒体形象地冠之以“老-白-男”的称号,而分析人士认为,特朗普胜选则是在某种程度上巧妙利用了白人对身份衰落的恐惧以及对少数族裔和移民的不满。

这一结论体现在一些具体数据中。美国统计局今年早些时候正式公布了2016年总统选举的投票数据,自1980年以来非西裔的黑人选民比例首次减少。在参加总统选举投票的选民中,非西裔白人超过70%,其中近六成投给特朗普;其他族裔占不到30%,其中投给特朗普的比例远远低于投给民主党候选人希拉里的比例,且差距较大。

但是,需要特别指出,特朗普本身跟白人至上主义根本不沾边,其胜选也绝非白人至上主义的胜利。他对白人至上主义极端暴力的谴责言辞鲜明、强烈。

弗吉尼亚骚乱被广泛认为是特朗普执政的又一个试金石。然而,骚乱背后,美国社会、种族意见的极化加剧与矛盾对立深重,却并不是总统发话就可以根除的。

是什么催生了白人至上主义

同样要指出的是,并不是特朗普当选及执政后才催生了白人至上主义。

一方面,全球化、科技进步以及金融危机的三重作用下,衰退的美国制造业“铁锈地带”集中了大量的白人蓝领,中产阶级相对收入下降,于是种族和移民成为一系列经济问题的发泄出口。如《怨恨政治》作者、威斯康星麦迪逊大学的政治学教授凯瑟琳·克雷默所指出,当今美国社会,经济不平等加剧,城市和乡村严重分化,对于很多锈带区的白人蓝领而言,种族主义倾向和经济焦虑纠缠在一起。

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