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中国富豪接班大考:面临财富传承难题 三模式存利弊

2017-08-15 07:24:44   中国经济网

谁用糖果骗了娃哈哈小公主? 中国富豪接班大考

文章导读: 不仅顶级富豪,在改革开放浪潮中成长起来的整个财富阶层,很多都开始面临财富的传承难题。

文︱张伟

编辑:牛绮思

(本文刊发于《中国经济周刊》2017年第32期)

35岁的宗馥莉,最近不太开心。因为她喜欢的“糖果”,没买到。

7月13日,中国糖果(8182.HK)发布公告称,由于在限期内宗馥莉未能收购该公司50%的股份,此次收购要约失效。

“宗馥莉打算借助中国糖果自立门户,但这种心态或许被人利用了。”业内人士表示,中国糖果的股东疑似作为牟利主体,通过一系列资本运作布好局,再引入宗馥莉作为概念炒作、高位套现。

在许多人看来,金钱方面的损失并不重要。

重要的是:作为宗庆后唯一的女儿、娃哈哈帝国尊贵的公主、1350亿家产的法定继承者,宗馥莉竟然被香港老千股乐园的一颗糖果哄骗。

吃瓜群众很捉急:“娃哈哈公主”距离“娃哈哈女王”还有多少颗糖果?

当然,这绝不是宗庆后和娃哈哈一家的燃眉之急。

中国正进入历史上极为罕见的、顶级富豪们集中向下一代传承财富的特殊时期。从刘永好到其女儿刘畅,杨国强到其女儿杨惠妍,宗庆后到其女儿宗馥莉……这些公司控制人名字变动的背后,都是一个个庞大的财富帝国的传承和延续。

不仅顶级富豪,在改革开放浪潮中成长起来的整个财富阶层,很多都开始面临财富的传承难题。

5年前,中国社科院的一项调查数据显示,中国第一代企业家的年龄平均为55~75岁,在未来5~10年内,全国有300多万家民营企业将面临企业传承问题。

不就是现在吗?

接班人的三个问题

《中国经济周刊》在几年前的报道中就预测并提出,富豪接班人主要有三个问题:

第一是教育培养问题。尽管富豪们可以一掷万金帮助子女成才,但接班人能否达到创始人的预期,还是个未知数;此外,还有部分接班人根本不愿意接班。比如,有媒体报道称,汇源集团董事长朱新礼的公子就不爱上班,只爱打高尔夫。有调查显示,将近半数的传承人并不愿意接班,或者不愿再走父辈的老路。

第二是经营和管理能力,以及处理和职业经理人之间关系的能力。第二代接班时还会大量掌控经营权,但是到第三代接班时,一定会出现经营权和所有权的进一步分离,更多的经营权掌握在职业经理人手中,这将是未来的趋势,但也是顶级富豪们要过的心理关卡。

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