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[砥砺奋进的5年]云南文山州西畴县:荒漠如何变绿洲

2017-08-11 08:25:25   中国经济网

[数说]西畴县是云南省石漠化程度最高的地区之一。近年来,该县以“生态西畴”建设为目标,在石漠化地区大力实施封山育林、人工造林等生态保护工程,实行“山、水、林、田、路、村”综合治理,2011年以来完成石漠化治理面积140.2平方公里,森林覆盖率从2010年的44%提高到了2016年的53.3%,去年农村居民人均可支配收入7930元,增速为全州第一。

  西畴县老伙菁村经过石漠化综合治理,荒坡变成了耕地,村容焕然一新。 经济日报记者 张曙红摄

盛夏时节,记者赴云南省文山壮族苗族自治州西畴县采访石漠化治理。光秃秃的大山,漫山遍野的石头,这是记者对石漠化地区的想象。而当车驶入西畴县境时,眼前的景象完全出乎意料:草木葱茏,翠峰如簇,壮美与俊秀交融的喀斯特地貌俨然一幅美丽的山水画卷。

在这个典型的石漠化地区,变化是如何发生的?

  石头缝里求生存

在西畴县,曾流传着这样的顺口溜:“山大石头多,出门就爬坡;春种一大片,秋收一小箩”,这是当年老百姓生活的真实写照。

西畴县地处文山州中部,是云南省石漠化程度最高的地区之一。生态环境最恶劣时,75.4%的土地呈现石漠化状态,一方水土已不能养活一方人。

要想在石头缝里求生存,西畴人面临两道绕不过去的坎:一是搬开石头造地,二是打开石山修路。

蚌谷乡木者村摸石谷,是全县最早开展石漠化土地整治的地方。记者看到,这里的田埂边栽种着果树,台地里种满了玉米。而在几十年前,这里满山满谷都是石头,看不到几棵树。54岁的木者村党总支书记刘登荣提起当年,感慨良多:“地里产的不够吃,村民长期拎着口袋四处借粮度日,日子苦不堪言。”

“在村干部的带领下,木者村300多个村民走进摸石谷,用土制的火药点燃炸石造地第一炮,治理出几百亩土地,基本解决了温饱。”刘登荣说。

木者村的做法很快在全县推广开来,群众纷纷自发开展石漠化土地整治,建起了一处处台地。在接下来近30年时间里,农田整治建设从未间断过。

出门就见悬崖,回家要爬大山。路,是石山深处农民最深切的期望。“路通了,就不难了,日子就好过了。”这是西洒镇岩头村村主任李华明见到记者时说的第一句话。他们的进村路前前后后修了12年。

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