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用“有形之手”保障廉价药供应

2017-08-11 06:57:20   中国经济网

保障廉价药供应,一方面,有关部门应抓紧建立“国家短缺药品信息平台”,及时汇集药品供求信息,包括产量、预产量、流通量和需求量等;另一方面,应将医保政策与短缺药物管理体系接轨,医保管理部门通过价格谈判等手段与药厂沟通,确定一个患者和药厂均能接受的价格并实施动态调整,鼓励药厂维持生产

红霉素眼膏、复方甘草片是很多家庭的必备良药,过去,低廉的价格也给很多人留下美好回忆。然而,这些家庭常用药最近开始涨价了。据报道,在部分地方,廉价药的价格甚至翻倍上涨,有的药品在短短一年内价格上涨20倍,即便如此仍然一药难求。

有关廉价药频频告急、价格不断翻倍的报道已经算是“老生常谈”的话题了,每过一段时间,都会被拿来热炒。事实上,之所以没有企业愿意生产这些药,关键就在于不赚钱。一些常用药招标价格过低,导致药品企业利润微薄,更无法让利给医院、医生、销售人员等中间流通环节;有些药品原材料价格逐年上涨,生产成本增加,廉价药价格却并非同比例上调,导致“生产越多亏损越多”。况且,将一些老药通过改变药物剂型、规格、包装,摇身一变成为“新药”,就能规避降价政策、使价格翻倍,一些药企也就懒得在研发新药上投入时间和精力了。

与此同时,现行的药品招标方式,也产生了廉价药消失的“副作用”,过分强调价格,却没有综合考虑药品效果和市场情况。每次招标,都要将药价压低一次。很多国产基本药物最后变成了“白菜价”“地板价”。而以超低价中标的品种,要么“有价无市”,要么“中标即死”。

廉价药药荒带来的影响不可低估,不仅无形中推高了百姓的看病成本,还催生了黑市交易。一些人趁机发病人财,救命的廉价药反而成了“要命”的高价药。“一盒仅售7.8元的注射用促皮质素在黑市要价达4000元”,就是例证。针对上述情况,相关部门近年来开出了建立生产供应信息系统、取消绝大部分药品政府定价、变“以药养医”为“以技养医”等诸多良方。但让“良方”取得“良效”,还有很多工作要做,还必须借助政府的“有形之手”加以调节,以此纠正市场失灵,保证合理供应。

一方面,有关部门应抓紧建立“国家短缺药品信息平台”,及时汇集药品供求信息,包括产量、预产量、流通量和需求量等,供企业与公众查询,帮患者免除奔波求药之苦,也让生产厂商心里有数;另一方面,应将医保政策与短缺药物管理体系接轨,医保管理部门通过价格谈判等手段与药厂沟通,确定一个患者和药厂均能接受的价格并实施动态调整,鼓励药厂维持生产。同时,国家可以对短缺药品实行定点生产,或是对其库存予以一定额度的补贴,让药企有一定的利润空间。

需要强调的是,面对廉价药的市场需求,政府也可适当放开定价管制,在激活药品生产市场竞争的基础上,采取定价限制,让药品生产商不再冷落廉价好药,让药品价格在百姓可以承受的范围之内。或者,在不放开定价的情况下,对需求不确定的药品实行储备制度,也不失为一个好方法。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:廖海金)

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