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经济日报:警惕新能源汽车产业“一哄而上”

2017-08-11 06:57:17   中国经济网

加快培育和发展新能源汽车,企业要提高认识,加强技术创新,围绕市场需求研发适销对路的车型;地方应根据自身定位合理规划,形成产业链竞争优势;监管部门也要做好产能预警,适时提高企业准入门槛

日前,新能源汽车产业过剩之争再起波澜。有媒体报道称,从2015年至2017年上半年,国内共有超过200个新能源汽车整车生产项目落地,涉及投资金额10262亿元人民币,已公开的产能规划达到2124万辆。尽管这组数字不一定十分准确,却也在一定程度上折射出当前我国新能源汽车产业繁荣背后的隐忧。

得益于国家政策的强力扶持,受惠于地方不限行、不限购等措施的有力引导,我国新能源汽车产销规模连续两年位居全球第一,市场保有量已占到全球总量的50%。基于未来更大的想象空间,新能源汽车产业受到一些企业、业外资本以及地方政府的追捧,呈现“大干快上”的节奏。但同时,也出现了“村村点火,户户冒烟”的乱象。主要表现为,一些企业把主要精力放在产能扩张上,忽略了技术积累和突破;一些企业围绕“补贴”转,哪款车补贴高,就生产哪款车;还有一些企业忙于跑马圈地,造概念,讲故事,产品始终不见“踪影”。一些地方盲目吸引新能源汽车企业落户,却并不考虑当地是否具备基本的生产条件;一些地方力推新能源汽车,只是为了盘活当地原有的汽车产能和资源。

乱象丛生的原因很多,但关键在于企业和地方政府对新能源汽车产业的内涵认识不到位。加快培育和发展新能源汽车,既是有效缓解能源和环境压力、推动汽车产业可持续发展的紧迫任务,也是推动汽车产业转型升级、培育新的经济增长点和国际竞争优势的战略举措。越是在新能源汽车项目“一哄而上”之时,我们越要理性应对,谨防热潮过后一地鸡毛。

首先,企业要提高认识,加强技术创新,围绕市场需求研发适销对路的车型。虽然新能源汽车的功能与传统汽车完全一样,但其产业链构成、核心技术内涵与传统汽车大不相同,车体结构和生产工艺也更加多样化。目前,世界各国研发生产纯电动乘用车的企业仍处于探索和积累阶段,尚未形成像传统汽车一样可以借鉴的、成熟的设计规范和固定的生产研发模式。这就需要企业充分认识行业的高门槛,潜心技术研发,注重创新驱动,而不能停留在低水平的同质化制造中。

其次,地方应根据自身定位合理规划,形成产业链竞争优势。由于汽车产业对地方经济和就业的贡献程度远高于其他产业,尤其是国家原则上不再批准新建传统燃油汽车企业之后,新能源汽车企业更是成了地方政府争抢的“香饽饽”。然而,地方是否具备新能源汽车产业的发展基础,是当地政府必须考虑的问题,否则即使建成投产,也难以形成竞争力。当年的光伏产业火爆过后出现产能过剩,反而成为拖累地方经济的累赘,就很能说明问题。因此,地方政府一定要保持清醒的认识,引导企业理性投资。

最后,监管部门要做好产能预警,适时提高企业准入门槛。截至目前,国内没有任何一个政府部门、行业协会或咨询机构,针对新能源汽车投资进行过专项统计。相关部门应尽快对各地新能源汽车产业的投资和建设情况展开调查,并及时发布调查结果。与此同时,适时提高新能源汽车投资项目和准入条件,也可进一步引导和规范新能源汽车产业的健康有序发展。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:杨忠阳)

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