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香港流感死亡人数超SARS? 香港卫生署:情况不同

2017-08-07 19:08:42   中国青年网

香港夏季流感持续,导致多人死亡

央视网消息: 香港卫生署卫生防护中心自2017年5月5日起与香港医院管理局和私家医院合作,加强监测季节性流感严重个案以来,截至8月6日,香港卫生署卫生防护中心共录得456宗成人严重流感个案,包括324人死亡。绝大部分个案属于甲型流感(H3)。其中65岁或以上长者占多数,大部分严重个案病人有长期(慢性)病患,较易出现并发症甚至引致死亡。至于儿童方面,5月5日至8月6日,共有19 宗儿童流感相关的严重并发症个案(年龄小于 18 岁),包括 3人死亡,大部分为H3。大部分病人均没有接种今季季节性流感疫苗。

看到这些数字,大家第一感觉就是--“香港流感为什么会死这么多人”,央视记者采访了香港特区政府卫生署,并拿到了一系列的资料。

香港卫生防护中心表示,今年夏季流感的死亡数字高于2016年冬季流感,但低于2015年冬季流感季节同期。

对于有媒体报道“香港流感死亡人数已超过SARS”,香港卫生署重申:流感与严重急性呼吸系统综合症(SARS)不论在病原、临床病征、严重程度、传播力、治理和预防方法等均有不同。

季节性流感是本地常见的呼吸道感染。在今年夏季流感季节流感相关入院个案的死亡比例至今没有异常增加。今季截至八月二日,累积有14713人因流感入住公立医院,共有306人死亡,需入住公立医院的流感病人的死亡比例为2.1%,与过往流感季节的比例(介乎1.9%至3.3%)相若。

值得留意的是,大部分流感病人会於2至7日内自行痊愈,只有小部分病人需入院接受治疗,因此整体死亡率相信大幅低于2.1%。

香港卫生署卫生防护中心指出,不同疾病的死亡人数不宜直接比较,以死亡率参考则较科学和客观。严重急性呼吸系统综合症(SARS)的死亡率远高于流感。2003年香港爆发严重急性呼吸系统综合症期间,确诊共1755宗个案,包括299人死亡,死亡率为17%。

流感死亡人数多的原因

经分析后,香港卫生署卫生防护中心认为今年夏季情况较严重可能涉及多项因素。一般而言,在H3病毒流行的季节,大部分严重和死亡个案集中在老年人口。

近年香港老年人口不断增加,而长者较易感染流感和出现并发症甚至引致死亡,以致严重和死亡个案较多。

记者了解到,目前,香港各区都出现人口老化问题,以及每个病人都患有多种慢性疾病,所以导致死亡率上升。老人院和学校是流感爆发高危的地方,大部分死亡案例都发生在老人院舍。香港媒体关注的不是死亡人数的问题,因为这个数字比去年要高,但不是高到不行,还在正常范围内,香港本地媒体更多关注的是流感导致公立医院床位紧张,政府怎样调整床位的问题,以及部分医院建设进程的问题。

另外,2012年至2016年间,香港65岁以上的老人已达18万人,最近77%的严重流感患者都是老人。预计未来7年,香港老年人口还会增加50万。

健康建议:保持个人和环境卫生仍然是预防流感的最佳方法之一

目前,香港卫生防护中心的监测数据显示,本港流感活跃程度在七月中旬达至高峰,大部分监测指标过去两至三星期有所下降,但仍维持在较高水平,参考过去的冬季,流感活跃程度需约10至13星期从高峰回落至基线水平,预期夏季流感季节会持续一段时间。

(1)流感除经飞沫传播外,也可经直接接触病人分泌物而传播。市民应勤洁手,特別在触摸口、鼻或眼之前,或触摸扶手、按钮或门把等公共设施后。即使双手没有明显污垢,亦应用70%至80%酒精的搓手液洁手。

(2)若有呼吸道病征就应佩戴口罩,特別是到人多拥挤地方或聚会时,高危人士亦可佩戴口罩预防感染。

(3)幼童易受感染,家长应多加留意子女健康,特別在暑假到游戏场地玩耍或与其他儿童有紧密接触时,应特別注意卫生。

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