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学者:建立“违法上访”和“违法进京上访”概念

2016-08-31 05:46:07   新京报

原标题:“违法上访”,违的是什么法?

将“非正常上访”直接更名为“非法上访”概念,除了能为地方政府明目张胆打击信访人员提供“法律依据”,真看不出能有什么其他用处。

近日在南京举行的“国家治理与信访改革”论坛上,江苏省社会科学院副院长刘旺洪建议,取消“非正常上访”和“进京非正常上访”概念,建立“违法上访”和“违法进京上访”概念,明确将非正常上访和进京非正常上访行为作为违法信访行为。

这一建议引发了争议,主要是引进该新概念的法理依据不足,以及要达到什么目的不明确。

信访条例规定,“信访是指公民、法人或者其他组织采用书信、电子邮件、传真、电话、走访等形式,向各级人民政府、县级以上人民政府工作部门反映情况,提出建议、意见或者投诉请求,依法由有关行政机关处理的活动。”据此,信访人通过走访的形式,向各级政府当然包括向中央政府反映情况或投诉请求,都是信访的题中之意,现在对进京上访者称“非正常上访”都不太妥,再进一步称其“违法”,那么违反的是什么法呢?

刘院长对信访制度异化为直接解决问题的制度有意见,但他自己也承认,信访制度是赋予和保障人民群众通过多种形式向各级政府反映情况的制度。而这里,向各级政府反映情况,当然包括向中央政府反映情况,那么,依行政法规进行的信访活动,其“违法”性在哪里?

再往上溯,信访条例的制定依据,是宪法第41条规定的“公民对于任何国家机关和国家工作人员的违法失职行为,有向有关国家机关提出申诉、控告或者检举的权利”的具体化。在这里,宪法没有限定向哪一级国家机关提出诉求,向中央国家机关提出,当然不违法,宪法同时要求“尊重和保障人权”。那么,刘院长要求引进“违法上访”概念的法律基础在哪里。这些都是法理不清的地方。

事实上,不少信访人的正常诉求在地方政府长期得不到合理解决,才被迫越级上访,被接回原地后有的被行政拘留,有的被以敲诈勒索罪或扰乱社会秩序犯罪追究刑责。应该说,这些对于法律人越来越看不懂的案件,还是在“非正常上访”等概念下的行为,当地政府和有关司法机关还有所顾忌,毕竟越级上访也是公民在行使信访权,还不敢称为“非法上访”。

将“非正常上访”直接更名为“非法上访”概念,除了能为地方政府明目张胆打击信访人员提供所谓“法律依据”之外,真看不出能有什么其他用处。可回过头,是不是还得回答上访违反什么法?还得考虑宪法保障的基本人权要不要?

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