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IMF呼吁各国利用财政再分配解决收入不平等问题

2017-10-12 16:06:52   

新华社华盛顿10月11日电(记者 高攀 江宇娟)国际货币基金组织(IMF)11日发布最新一期《财政监测报告》,呼吁各国更好利用财政再分配政策,解决收入不平等问题。

IMF在《财政监测报告》中说,近几十年来,全球收入不平等程度不断下降,这主要是中国、印度等新兴经济体收入强劲增长、追赶发达经济体的结果。但各国国内的不平等程度却有所上升,特别是美国等多数发达经济体的收入差距明显扩大。IMF警告,收入不平等程度过高可能会侵蚀社会凝聚力,导致政治两极分化,并最终降低经济增速。

报告指出,设计财政再分配政策对于解决收入不平等问题非常重要。例如,在发达经济体,直接税和转移支付使收入不平等程度平均降低了三分之一左右,这其中有四分之三是通过转移支付实现的。在发展中经济体,由于税收和支出的规模较小且累进程度较低,财政再分配的效果相对有限。

IMF建议各国从增强收入所得税的累进性、扩大转移支付、增加教育和医疗支出等方面更好发挥财政再分配的作用,降低收入不平等程度,应对持续存在的代际贫困问题,增强社会流动性并最终促进可持续的、包容性的经济增长。IMF强调,解决收入不平等问题,需要更好针对弱势群体增加公共支出,让更多人获得优质的教育和健康医疗服务。

IMF财政事务部主任维托尔·加斯帕尔当天在新闻发布会上表示,过去30年,全球超过一半的国家内部收入不平等程度扩大,但研究和实践证明财政政策可以在缩小收入不平等、兼顾效率与公平、促进包容性增长方面发挥功效。当前全球经济增长广泛提速,也为各国决策者推动改革、解决收入不平等问题提供了机遇。

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