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财经观察:电动化和自动化将引发全球运输业变革

2017-09-27 19:46:51   

新华社美国亚特兰大9月26日电 财经观察:电动化和自动化将引发全球运输业变革

新华社记者金旼旼 郭一娜

纯电动重型卡车(重卡)、油电混合动力发动机、物联网、自动驾驶……在25日于美国亚特兰大开幕的首届北美商用车展上,这些全新的产品和领先的概念预示着全球交通运输行业正处在变革的前夜,而电动化和自动化成为两大发展趋势。

更绿色:电动重卡即将成为现实

美国著名发动机制造商康明斯在本届展会上推出了一款纯电动重卡概念车AEOS。在装配3组电池之后,该车续航里程可达480公里。德国博世集团和汽车制造商尼古拉也联合展示了一辆可以输出1000马力的氢燃料电池重型卡车。采用全新动力系统的这两款重卡外观威猛,且颇具科幻感。

康明斯董事长兼首席执行官兰博文对新华社记者说:“目前正是传统能源和新能源技术的关键交叉点。”他说,随着电池成本不断降低、动力输出功率不断提升,推出商用纯电动卡车成为可能。

随着特斯拉、比亚迪等一大批电动家用车的普及,电动化已经成为汽车行业的一个重要发展趋势。特斯拉已宣布,将于今年10月在美国发布旗下首款电动重卡。

对于高度依赖公路运输的美国来说,电动卡车将大幅降低污染物排放。同时,电动卡车还将有助于改善城市环境。在本届展会上,三菱旗下品牌扶桑推出了一款纯电动城市卡车,这款卡车一次充电可行驶近130公里。

三菱扶桑北美货车运营主管拉里·史密斯对新华社记者说,这款电动卡车有望在今年年底进入纽约等美国大城市。他介绍,这款车快充1小时即可充满,非常适合城市内短途运输,电动货车的应用也有助于让城市更安静。

电动轿车虽然已经相对普及,但电动卡车的普及推广仍需要时间。兰博文认为,电动重卡商用化仍需解决成本高、续航里程短这两大难题,目前仍难以预测电动卡车的普及还要多久。

兰博文表示,电动化是行业发展目标,但在发展过程中多元化动力策略必不可少。例如,长途运输和复杂工况下目前仍离不开汽油和柴油驱动,因此仍可进一步改进发动机和变速箱技术来提升效率和降低能耗。他表示,目前的汽油和柴油引擎效率还可提高50%。同时,油电混合动力在不改变车辆使用方式的前提下也可大幅降低油耗。

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