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中国新核反应堆明年投入商用:领先韩国整一代

2017-09-22 10:22:49   参考消息网

参考消息网9月22日报道 韩媒称,19日,中国在奥地利维也纳举行的国际原子能机构大会上,公布了新一代核电技术“高温气冷堆”的开发情况。对此有舆论指出,中国已经开始在一部分核电技术领域上赶超韩国。在韩国政府宣布脱核电的情况下,不免令人担心韩国在实质性的竞争中将不敌中国。

据韩国《朝鲜日报》网站9月21日报道,高温气冷堆采用氦气作为冷却材料,代替当前核反应堆所使用的水。中国核工业建设集团与清华大学合作成立的中国原子能科学技术公司在发表演讲时称:“经过5年的开发,终于在山东省建成了高温气冷堆。并计划在明年4月前完成实证工作并投入商用。”尽管韩国也从2003年开始进行高温气冷堆的研究,但目前尚未取得像样的成果。

报道称,在国际核电界,高温气冷堆是公认的新一代核反应堆。目前全球运营的核电站均利用核裂变时产生的热量将水加热成蒸汽,用于驱动发电机组。但如果用氦气代替水进行加热,温度能够迅速达到沸点,即热效率得到大幅提高。

核反应堆按照安全性与经济性来分代。第一代核电站建成于1950-1960年代,更多的是作为研究室的试验对象。第二代核电站是在1970-1990年代普及的正式商用的核反应堆。第三代核电站在经历过俄罗斯切尔诺贝利核事故、美国三英里岛核事故后,随着人们对核电站不安感的不断扩散,相比之下三代核电站的安全性得到了提升。第四代核电站同时提升了安全性与高效性。中国的高温气冷堆属于第四代核电技术,而韩国的核电技术依然停留在第三代。

韩媒称,中国计划在2030年之前在本国运营110座核电站,成为世界第一的核电大国。自2013年中国首次向巴基斯坦出口自主研发的核电站以来,已经相继在阿根廷、罗马尼亚等地开工或建成了10座核电站。而韩国在2009年向阿联酋出口了4座韩国型核电站之后,连续8年核电站订单业绩为零。

专家分析称,中国通过集中性的投资实现了在世界核电市场上的崛起。据核电界称,中国投入了千余名高级人力埋头高温气冷堆的研究。而韩国却只有不到50人,就连相关预算也在逐年减少。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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