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中国共享单车遭美国“山寨” 能否骑乐融融

2017-09-27 06:46:53   

最近,英国《金融时报》一篇报道声称:中国正逐渐甩掉全世界最大科技山寨国的名声,而美国已开始“山寨”中国。

《金融时报》举出的例子包括被外媒称为中国“新四大发明”之一的共享单车。不过,诚如外媒一贯套路,溢美之词后话锋一转:“成堆的单车像垃圾一样堆放在各个城市,让恼火的监管者随后决定对共享单车市场予以整顿,这预示着共享单车前进的道路上面临坑洼。但这并未阻止LimeBike之类的共享单车追随无桩、扫码的中国模式……”

言下之意,中国向共享经济的领头人美国反向输出了“共享单车”,同时也引入了混乱、野蛮生长的所谓“中国模式”。

那中国式共享单车在海外到底受不受待见?留洋单车与在中国的“兄弟姐妹”又有何不同?共享单车的海外境遇又能为我们提供哪些启示?

【配置内外有别】

共享单车的本土化是进入海外市场的重要一步,其实就是使自己的服务能够更切实地符合当地用户的需求。

为适应各国对自行车上路的法规要求,留洋的中国单车跟国内同胞在软硬件配置上有所不同。以摩拜为例,首批200辆单车20日亮相美国首都华盛顿街头,整体外观保持了经典的红灰配色,但配置增加了三档变速器、自动前大灯和车筐杯架。

在新加坡,ofo“小黄车”发布的共享单车则配备了适用于海外国家不同网络通信制式的新一代智能锁,支持用户通过手机客户端内嵌的谷歌地图定位单车并扫码开锁。此外,为适应新加坡炎热、多雨、潮湿的气候,“小黄车”配备了耐锈耐腐蚀的新型铝制车架;为适应多山多坡地形,新车型改进了减震避震设计,并配备了变速装置。

  【“无桩”挑战“有桩”】

其实,单车共享的形式在华盛顿以及美国其他地区出现的比国内要早,只不过一直以“有桩”形式运营,如Citi Bikes。

由于“有桩”单车在城市各个区域分布不平均,“无桩”单车显然灵活度更高。支持“无桩化”的达拉斯市议员李·克兰曼就呼吁,美国共享单车应进入无桩化发展的“2.0时代”。

不过,纽约市交通局8月11日却一纸禁令拒绝了美国本土共享单车企业Spin以“无桩”项目进入纽约。交通局长波莉·特罗滕贝格说:“我们期待拥抱新技术,但必须以安全有序的方式进行。”

事实上,“无桩”共享单车在美国发展极为缓慢。即便是在对这一新生事物最为友好的西雅图,Spin、LimeBike和ofo也仅投放了2000余辆。分析人士认为,美国并非不具备发展共享单车的技术条件,主要碍于公共管理压力。

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