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美国总统特朗普发声推税改 或于27日公布税务改革架构

2017-09-26 20:26:52   

央广网北京9月26日消息(记者张加宁)据中国之声《新闻晚高峰》报道,当地时间9月25日,美国总统特朗普发布推特说:“今天将召开重要的会议。大规模减税和改革。”大约两周前,在闭门会议上,众议院筹款委员会主席凯文·布雷迪曾告诉共和党众议员,将公布一份详细的税改框架,预计将会在9月的最后一周揭晓。今天最新的消息是,美国媒体报道,特朗普及共和党领袖预定明天,即27日公布税务改革架构。那么,这将是一份怎样的税改计划?

“雷声大雨点小。”这或许是之前特朗普税改之路的真实写照。医改法案失利、税改滞后,一心想要大刀阔斧改革的特朗普被认为已经陷入了“腹背受敌”的境况,有人比喻国会参众两院与白宫上演着“三国杀”,雄心勃勃的减税被视为“偏袒”富人。对此,特朗普多次反驳,“富人根本不会在税务改革中受益,我们寻求惠及中产,我们寻求创造就业职位,就业也是惠及企业。我认为富人的情况大概是维持现状。”

不过,在中国国际问题研究院美国所所长滕建群看来,给企业减税就是在变相保护富人,“实现企业减税,得到好处的并不是企业员工,而是企业主。”

之前特朗普政府公布的税改方案框架一大核心内容就是将企业税从现在的35%降到“15%梦想税率”。特朗普声称:“我们想实现15%的企业税率,因为这会降低我们的税率,并且不可能是最低的,但可以令我们的税率相当于中国和其他国家,这样我们就可以和任何人竞争,没有人可以追上我们。”

然而根据美国媒体目前流传的框架细则,共和党人已经在让步,他们将建议下调企业税至20%,而非特朗普此前要求的15%。另外,他们还将建议将个税最高税率从39.5%下调至35%。滕建群认为,税改方案将顾及不同阶层的利益,以求顺利通过,“税改中也有增加中产阶级收入的设计,兼顾共和党和民主党的考虑。目前这个方案最终通过可能性比较大,毕竟减税是两党的共识,但是困难还是有,总会有人反对,这是不可避免的。”

而德意志银行的分析指出,常规立法将需要获得参议院60票才能通过,这需要两党的支持。而目前看来,这基本不可能。事实上,任何税法的改革将通过调和程序完成。美国全国广播公司记者桑土西表示:“我们知道白宫4月透露了一部分税改框架,只有一张纸,我们还知道财长姆努钦和白宫国家经济委员会主任科恩一直在税改问题上争来争去,现在到了该宣布详细框架的时候了,因为明年就要国会中期选举了,白宫需要有所成绩,之前的医疗改革没有通过,现在就看税改了。”

为了寻求首个立法胜利,白宫下大力气牵头制定税改立法。目前各方矛盾信息层出不穷,进度已经滞后于市场预期,因此进入九月,特朗普没少为此加班加点。滕建群表示:“特朗普与奥巴马有很大不同,最近他请很多相关议员吃饭交流,把工作做在表决之前。入主白宫快一年,如果再拿不出建树,压力更大。”

据报道,一周之前,美国参议院共和党议员已经达成初步的预算协议,朝税改立法又进一步。滕建群认为,这也体现了特朗普善于交易的艺术,“特朗普现在的赌注就是与民主党人在2018年预算上进行了勾兑和妥协,所以现在反倒是民主党人支持预算,共和党人有一部分人被激怒。现在可以看到,特朗普在利用各党派之间的利益进行分化瓦解,形成新的合力,为自己的预算提供服务和保障。”

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