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研究显示大熊猫栖息地保护仍有待加强

2017-09-26 12:26:53   新华网

新华社伦敦9月25日电(记者张家伟)中国学者领衔的团队25日在英国《自然·生态学与进化》期刊上发表报告说,经过多年努力,中国的大熊猫栖息地已得到明显恢复,但栖息地“碎片化”现象仍较突出,未来有必要从生态系统完整性的角度来综合规划相关保护措施。

中国科学院生态环境研究中心研究员欧阳志云领衔的团队结合卫星遥感影像数据和地面调查,分析了过去近40年中国大熊猫栖息地的演变特征。

团队发现,从2001年以来,随着自然保护区建设、中国天然林保护工程、退耕还林工程等生态保护与恢复工程的实施,大熊猫栖息地得到明显恢复,与2001年相比,大熊猫栖息地面积目前已增加,质量也在提高。

但欧阳志云通过电子邮件接受新华社采访时说,从过去近40年的时间尺度来看,由于历史上长时间的森林采伐,近年来公路交通等基础设施建设的快速发展,以及地震、泥石流等自然灾害影响,目前大熊猫栖息地的面积比1976年及1988年的面积要小,并且更加“碎片化”。

根据这项研究,由于人类活动的影响,2013年被隔离的大熊猫栖息地单元数是1976年的3倍,意味着大熊猫种群间的交流阻碍大幅增加,且尽管大熊猫种群及栖息地在自然保护区内比例较高,但总体而言仍面临较大威胁——目前野外大熊猫被隔离为30多个种群,其中18个种群的个体数低于10只。

报告第一作者、该研究中心副研究员徐卫华说,由于旅游开发和基础设施建设不断加强,再加上气候变化等因素的可能影响,大熊猫隔离种群局部灭绝的风险很大,为确保野生大熊猫的长期生存,仍需继续加强自然保护区网络建设和廊道建设,增强栖息地的连通性。

欧阳志云建议说:“要从整个生态系统完整性的角度进行综合考虑,将大熊猫种群保护与生态系统水源涵养等服务功能保护相结合,并与现行开展的生态保护红线、国家公园体系建设充分衔接,提高大熊猫分布地区生态保护的综合效益。”

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