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中国推进解码国民基因 或比美国早两年完成

2017-09-24 00:41:15   参考消息

参考消息网9月24日报道 美媒称,在以熊猫保护而闻名的中国西部城市成都,科学家们正在推进一项努力,他们的目标是收集并分析大量来自中国国民的基因数据,以助发现从癌症到精神分裂症的各种疾病的病因,并为新疗法铺平道路。

据美国《华尔街日报》网站9月20日报道,科学家们希望找到引发疾病的基因突变或故障,然后最终根据每个人的基因蓝图提供个性化医疗,这个新兴领域被称为精准医疗。

资料图片:北京协和医院新急诊楼。新华社发

报道称,中国已经将这类科技创新作为国家目标的核心。一项全国性计划试图解码至少100万国民的基因,四川大学的科学家就是这项计划的组成部分。这项数十亿美元的计划旨在让中国迅速到达这个目前由西方主导的领域的前沿。

报道称,中国希望到2020年能完成它的数据收集目标,比美国预计本国能实现相同目标的时间早了两年。北京于2016年3月公布了本国的精准医疗计划,比美国晚一年多。英国、法国和卡塔尔等国也在推动规模更小的计划。

参与起草中国这项计划的科学家詹启敏说,它有可能令中国到达现代医学的前沿。

报道称,这项计划的成功可能带来巨大的公共卫生红利,它能为患者提供最适合其需要的药物,从而减少不必要的政府开支。

中国已经开始收集人们的基因样本,这让它居于领先,因为美国仍在为正式启动该进程进行必要的基础设施准备。

中国14亿人口为科学家们提供了巨大的资源,他们主要在研究癌症、心血管疾病和神经系统疾病。研究人员由健康志愿者身上分别提取样本,以便科学家们能够为不同族群绘制基因蓝图,并了解某个群体是否更易患某种疾病。

在华西医院,四川大学华西医院负责这项研究的石虎兵教授的团队正将精力集中于从结肠癌患者体内提取肿瘤组织和其他样本。这些样本包装在干冰中,由飞机运往北京,在那里,其他两所大学会利用测序仪对它们进行分析。

科学家们将试图弄清是哪个基因中的哪种突变导致每名患者患病,以便能够为他们提供个性化的治疗药物。

据石虎兵估计,要到2020年才能得到确定性模式并证实潜在发现,此后,中肽生化有限公司将尝试利用他的研究来研发新的结肠癌药物,他说,这个复杂过程也将耗时数年。

报道称,华西医院是收集基因数据的几十家机构之一。根据媒体报道,中国计划投入超过90亿美元,用于在2030年前开展相关项目。

负责从至少100万名美国人身上收集样本的美国国家卫生研究院到目前为止进行了一次小试点,将于今年正式开始招募参与者。美国研究人员还将研究其他可能引发突变并导致疾病的因素,例如吸烟所带来的伤害。

美国国家卫生研究院项目负责人埃里克·迪什曼说,参与者的饮食、锻炼情况和生活方式将通过穿戴式技术得到监控。中国尚未宣布监控参与者生活方式的计划。他说,中国将注意力集中于解码基因。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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