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默克尔接下来的路挺难 对华关系大局不会大变

2017-09-26 06:56:54   新华网

德国联邦议会选举尘埃初定,安格拉·默克尔领导的联盟党不出意料地成为第一大党,却非完全意义上的胜者,组阁道路困难重重。德国问题专家指出,从选举结果看,德国政府今后处理对外关系也许会更加犹豫不决,但外交大局不太可能大变。

【德国“共识社会”进入危机】

初步计票结果显示,联盟党虽然获得33.0%的选票,保持联邦议院、即议会下院第一大党地位,但得票率比上届大选减少8.5个百分点,为历史第二差战绩。上海外国语大学党委书记、前驻德大使馆教育处公使衔参赞姜锋接受新华社专访时认为,可以说联盟党受到了“惩罚”,而作为党派掌舵者,默克尔本人的威望也受到了损伤。

社会民主党虽然保住议会第二大党地位,但得票率比上次减少5.2个百分点,创历史新低。与此同时,德国选择党异军突起,首次进入联邦议院;上届失利的自由民主党卷土重来;左翼党和德国绿党得票率都有所增加。

姜锋认为,从这种大党失色、小党“集体崛起”的现象看,德国人一贯强调的“共识社会”(Konsensgesellschaft)正步入危机阶段,且这种危机今后会进一步加深,给默克尔组阁带来不小的困难。

姜锋预计,“乱局”会持续一段时间。“乱”多久,德国选择党为代表的右翼力量就会维持多久,后者实际上是“问题党”、“危机党”,越“乱”越受益。

与美国不同,德国左右翼力量共存于议会,这意味着德国“左”“右”之争更为突出。不过,姜锋认为,“左”“右”色谱是否还能描述当今的德国政治生态,是个问题。德国选择党不是简单的“极右翼”。很多投票给选择党的选民并非右翼极端分子,只是一些反对默克尔难民政策的普通人。

  【对华关系或有震荡期】

进入议会的六大政党中,立场偏“左”的社民党已排除加入执政联盟的可能,要专心做反对党。这避免了德国选择党成为享有一定特权的议会第一大反对党。联盟党最终与自民党、绿党联合组阁。

姜锋说,从组阁选择来看,德国政府今后处理对外关系可能会更加“敏感”和犹豫不决,更加趋向政治功利。这会给中德关系带来一些麻烦,尤其在意识形态和经济议题上,但大局不太会有大变。

姜锋分析,社民党人、现外交部长西格马·加布里尔可能成为议会反对党“领袖”,并成为对华负面声音的政治代表,影响力不可低估,“把自身问题转嫁到中国身上的冲动,甚至蛊惑,会时常涌现,需要中国沉着应对,更需加强沟通。”

“德国政局如果相对不稳,在欧洲的稳定剂作用就会降低,意味着欧洲局势在一定时间内不乐观,欧盟对华关系也可能面对一段震荡期,”他说。

“默克尔不稳,则德国不稳。”姜锋说,默克尔接下来面临不少困难:党内,她要平息对糟糕战绩的愤怒;党外,自民党、绿党气势汹汹,会逼迫她在一些政策立场分歧的重大议题上做出让步。如何渡过组阁难关将充分考验默克尔的政治觉悟和政治智慧。(沈敏)(新华社专特稿)

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