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解围代尔祖尔 叙利亚政治进程出现新窗口?

2017-09-22 06:52:24   新华网

眼下,极端组织“伊斯兰国”在叙利亚战场上节节败退,控制区域仅剩盛产石油的代尔祖尔省大部地区和拉卡等零星地区。叙利亚政府军则持续推进,不仅于本月初打破了“伊斯兰国”对代尔祖尔首府代尔祖尔市长达3年的封锁,还于近日越过幼发拉底河进入东岸地区。与此同时,美国支持的“叙利亚民主军”也进入代尔祖尔展开军事行动。

专家认为,尽管叙政府军战场形势向好,但叙利亚和谈的诸多老问题仍未解决。目前判断叙利亚政治进程迎来新的窗口期,未免过于乐观。

  【代尔祖尔有决战】

新华社驻叙利亚记者车宏亮认为,自今年5月下旬发动代号为“伟大黎明”的军事行动以来,叙利亚政府军处于全面进攻状态,“伊斯兰国”节节败退。代尔祖尔省是“伊斯兰国”在叙利亚的最后一个主要控制区,从拉卡和摩苏尔逃离的“伊斯兰国”武装分子纷纷聚集到此,外界普遍预测这里将会有一场决战。

他认为,目前叙政府军解围代尔祖尔市的进程比预想得顺利,这表明“伊斯兰国”败势明显。叙政府军正继续在代尔祖尔市及周边地区扩大战果,当地一处军用机场近日重新启用,进一步扩大政府军的空中优势。

不过,车宏亮说:“现在说打击‘伊斯兰国’的任务已完成为时尚早。代尔祖尔省南部绝大部分地区还是由‘伊斯兰国’控制,在退无可退的情况下,战斗可能更加激烈。”

  【美俄关系是关键】

车宏亮认为,打击恐怖主义与叙利亚政治进程是双轨道进行,打击“伊斯兰国”取得的胜利并不能直接给政治进程带来任何突破性进展,但政府军在这一过程中实力进一步增强,在国际社会的认可度也有所提升,这有可能打破之前叙总统巴沙尔·阿萨德政权与反对派之间的政治僵局。

中国与全球化智库研究员储殷认为,随着代尔祖尔战役的推进,“伊斯兰国”势力基本退出未来叙利亚大局。然而,政治解决时机是否到来,并不取决于战场问题。“仅以代尔祖尔战斗胜利就认为迎来叙利亚问题政治解决时机,我认为为时过早、过于乐观。”他说。

储殷指出,日趋紧张的美俄关系是掣肘叙利亚政治解决的关键因素。美国总统唐纳德·特朗普受国内政治建制派强大牵制,导致美国在叙利亚问题上很难与俄罗斯充分合作,这同时意味着政治解决叙利亚问题有待时日。

  【只有谈判是出路】

尽管美俄眼下关系紧张,但中国社科院西亚非洲研究所首席研究员贺文萍分析指出,美国与俄罗斯都有意通过谈判解决叙利亚问题。对俄罗斯而言,经济增长乏力迫使其急于从叙利亚脱身;对美国而言,叙利亚问题以外的诸多问题牵扯分散了特朗普政府的注意力,如果能谈判解决叙利亚问题,当然最好。

然而,叙利亚和谈的难点和痛点依然存在。她说,此前的数轮谈判都谈到叙总统阿萨德的去留问题,叙政府和反对派态度都很坚决。此外,叙反对派究竟能获得多少政治地位、分享多少权力也是一大难点。而库尔德人问题“是以前的难点,也会是未来的难点”。其他问题还包括:政治过渡、宪法制定、权力架构分配等。

贺文萍说,叙利亚内战打了7年的苦难历程证明,军事手段不可能解决问题,叙利亚问题一定要通过谈判桌和外交手段解决。

“打仗只能让老百姓颠沛流离,山河破碎,”贺文萍说,“甚至恐怖主义会乘虚直入,进一步搅乱局势,让国土分裂、主权不再。只有谈判才是最终出路。”(海洋)(新华社专特稿)

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