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美国《华尔街日报》9月20日文章,原题:解码国民基因,中国力争超美国
在成都这个以熊猫保育而闻名的中国西部城市,科研人员正在推进另一项世界上最雄心勃勃的事业,目的是挽救一种远未达到濒危的物种:人类。他们的目标是收集和分析中国国民的基因数据,以协助发现从癌症到精神分裂症各种疾病的病因,并为新型疗法奠定基础。
科研人员希望找到造成疾病的基因突变或故障,然后最终根据个人基因蓝图实施个性化医疗——这被称为精准医疗,是个利润很高的新兴领域。中国已制订全国性计划,打算解码百万国民的基因构成,位于成都的四川大学科研人员就参与了该计划。这项几十亿美元的计划旨在让中国跃升至这个目前由西方主导的医学科技领域的前沿。
中国算定到2020年能达到基因数据收集的目标,比美国预计达到相同的目标要早两年。中国于2016年3月提出本国的精准医疗计划,而美国比北京早一年多就公布类似计划。英法、卡塔尔等国也都在推动类似计划。专家表示,它有可能使中国站到现代医学的前沿。若取得成功,将对公共卫生产生巨大红利。因为它能指引患者使用最适合其需要的药物,从而减少不必要的政府开支。
中国在收集人类基因样本方面已遥遥领先,美国目前仍在准备正式启动该进程所需的基础条件。而中国动作太快了。中国与别国的巨大不同还在于,病人隐私、数据管控和雇用歧视这类在西方被普遍担忧的问题,在中国通常不存在。中国14亿人口也为科研提供了庞大资源。
据媒体报道,中国计划到2030年对相关项目投入90多亿美元。而在美国,国会迄今向管理该领域主要机构的卫生及公共服务部拨款5.27亿美元。(作者普利迪卡·拉纳,陈俊安译)
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