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季军之争为德国大选定调

2017-09-14 09:16:28   新华网

近日,德国媒体曝光了右翼民粹政党——选择党竞选候选人维德尔写于2013年的一封电子邮件。邮件中,维德尔辱骂默克尔政府内阁成员是“猪”,是二战战胜国的“傀儡”,并将境内的阿拉伯人和吉普赛人视为没文化的民族,声称德国将被他们淹没。对此,维德尔予以否认。德国司法部长马斯指出,该言论带有明显的种族主义倾向,违反德国宪法,应受到法律制裁。

就在离德国联邦议会大选不到两周的关口,选择党可谓负面新闻缠身。这使得选择党与左翼党、绿党和自由党之间的季军之争更加激烈,远超过基督教联盟党和社民党之间的前两名竞争。哪个党派最终成为议会第三大党,成为各界关注焦点。在政治日渐多元化的德国,任何一个大党都难以获得绝对多数的支持率,必须与其他党派结盟,联合组建政府。联邦议会选举结果的关键在于大党合纵连横的能力,这其中小党甚至发挥着定调的作用。

德国各大民调机构的最新数据显示,这四支小党的支持率基本在10%左右,其中左翼党和选择党的支持率略高于自由党和绿党。

左翼党继承了原东德德国统一社会党的衣钵,由东德民主社会主义党和从社民党分化出来的劳工与社会公正党合并而成。该党代表社会底层弱势群体的权利,主张社会公正,提倡男女平等,视“民主社会主义”为其奋斗目标。左翼党在原东德联邦州的支持率远高于西德联邦州。近年来,该党派发展稳定,拥有近6万名党员,党员人数超过自民党。左翼党是图林根州执政党,在柏林和勃兰登堡州参与执政,拥有七个联邦州议会的在野党议席。然而,在7月份汉堡G20峰会期间,左翼极端分子的暴力行径所造成的血腥场面仍历历在目,尽管左翼党试图与他们撇清关系,但无法完全消除该暴力事件带来的不利影响。

选择党前身是2013年成立的“反欧元团体”,主张解散欧元区,重新引入马克或在小范围内建立货币联盟。受益于欧债危机,选择党迅速崛起,成为德国政坛一股不容小觑的右翼民粹力量。2015年之后爆发的难民危机犹如天赐良机,助推该党进一步发展壮大。2013年德国议会大选之后举行的13场州议会选举中,选择党得票率均在5%以上,成功进入州议会。该党在2016年3月举行的萨安州议会选举中甚至获得高达24.3%的支持率,成为该州议会第二大党。不过,选择党党内高层斗争激烈,极端右翼言论问题层出不穷,早已被贴上“种族歧视”“反伊斯兰教”“反女性主义”“反民主”等标签,是其他主流党派眼中的问题党。

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