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新华网专访中国驻加拿大大使卢沙野

2017-09-19 16:17:54   新华网

新华网渥太华9月18日电(记者 李保东)面对加拿大媒体对中国日益关注,前不久新华网记者就全球合作治理中中国的话语权和国际地位关系,对中国驻加拿大大使卢沙野进行了专访。

  新华网:当前,中国的国际地位和作用日益上升,但在全球治理中,中国在话语权方面仍然面临“西强我弱”的格局,话语权与国际地位不相适应。如何扭转这种被动的局面,请卢大使结合自己的经历和感受谈谈其难点及如何应对的建议。

卢沙野:话语权问题实际上涉及的是硬实力和软实力关系问题。我们国家硬实力上升很快,GDP、综合国力,包括科技实力、军事实力,都有很大增强。但很多人感觉到,在国际体系中,以中国为代表的新兴市场国家和发展中国家的话语权仍然不足。说白了,这个世界仍是西方主导的世界。支撑他们的是硬实力,更有软实力。话语权就是软实力。为什么中国硬实力上升,软实力没有跟上?这两者之间的关系,可以用马克思主义的辩证唯物主义原理很好地加以解释。

第一,硬实力是经济基础,软实力是上层建筑。

第二,软实力建设通常滞后于硬实力建设,不像硬实力那么立竿见影。

第三,硬实力是软实力的基础,但同时软实力具有反作用力,软实力建设好了会促进硬实力的发展。

第四,软实力建设虽然滞后于硬实力,但是一旦建立起来比硬实力更加持久。

这就是软实力和硬实力的四对关系,解释了为什么中国经济实力、科技实力、军事实力等硬实力上去了,但是软实力没完全跟上,话语权仍然不足,同时也解释了为什么“东升西降”,西方在衰落,但在国际体系里仍有那么大的话语权。

那么如何建设软实力,如何扭转这种被动局面?虽然硬实力是软实力的基础,但是硬实力不会自动地转化为软实力。如果没有主观意识去建设软实力,硬实力不会转化为软实力。在硬实力转化为软实力的过程中,要把握三个要素:

第一,实力是基础。不能空谈软实力。我们成天把软实力挂在嘴上,这是不行的,没有硬实力的软实力是空中楼阁。

第二,意愿是关键。要有意愿去运用硬实力,有意愿把硬实力转化为软实力,有愿意把中国的经济实力、军事实力、科技实力转化为国际影响力,运用到全球治理中,转化为对国际规则的制订能力、议题的设置能力、舆论的引导能力。十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央很重要的一点,就是有强烈的意愿去构建中国软实力。

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