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一座美国城市同海平面上升的抗争

2017-09-17 10:46:38   新华网

新华社华盛顿9月16日电 通讯:一座美国城市同海平面上升的抗争

新华社记者林小春 胡友松

在地势低洼的美国迈阿密市,由海平面上升引发的水灾就像古巴雪茄一样,正逐渐成为这个国际性大都市日常生活的一部分。“我们正在准备应对这种压力或者说冲击。”迈阿密下属的迈阿密滩市首席环境恢复官苏珊·托连特近日对新华社记者说。

位于美国东南角的迈阿密人口超过550万,是美国著名的度假胜地。它距离古巴很近,是许多拉美国家移民者的首选地。由于平均海拔仅1.8米,随着海平面上升,大西洋边的这座城市正面临变成威尼斯水城的危险,其中与迈阿密市区相隔一道狭窄海湾的海岛城市迈阿密滩市首当其冲。

为应对海平面上升的挑战,迈阿密滩市提出了一个叫“升高”的项目,计划到2025年投资4亿美元,将60%的路段抬高大约60厘米,并在相关地段安装抽水系统。

该市还把“洪峰基线海拔”(洪水水位预计可升到的高度)从以前的5.44英尺(1.66米)提高至6.44英尺(1.96米),并要求新建筑比“洪峰基线海拔”高出至少1英尺(约30厘米)。

作为应对气候变化的专职官员,托连特把这些措施称为“渐进型适应”。她说,该市还在与周围城市合作,措施包括通过分享数据资源共同应对海平面上升危机。

然而,正如近日强飓风“艾尔玛”登陆后,一些街道顿成河流所显示的那样,一些专家认为,迈阿密做得还远远不够。

美国气候变化官员协会执行总监丹尼尔·克里格抱怨道,在建设方面我们为昨天的世界而设计,但是未来与过去不同。

克里格说,当地大学毕业的建筑师没有受过海平面上升相关问题的训练,州教育部门也没有前瞻性地去预见气候变化和海平面上升给当地带来的挑战。他说:“我们必须培养出我称之为戴着‘气候防护镜’的人,能从‘我们正在进入这样一个世界,我的决定需要考虑到这些变数’的角度看待问题。”

迈阿密只是全世界所有沿海低洼城市的一个缩影。从曼谷到孟买,从东京到伦敦,从阿姆斯特丹到纽约,无不面临海平面上升的威胁。

“在所有这些地方,海平面上升都成了一个问题,”知名海平面上升问题专家、畅销书《潮满大街》的作者约翰·英格兰德告诉新华社记者,“所以随着海平面上升,我们必须按照不同的方式规划。”

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