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专访:“我们有大问题”——美国小城科勒尔盖布尔斯市长谈气候变化

2017-09-13 17:06:43   新华网

新华社美国迈阿密9月12日电 专访:“我们有大问题”——美国小城科勒尔盖布尔斯市长谈气候变化

新华社记者林小春 胡友松

飓风“艾尔玛”10日以四级强度登陆美国佛罗里达州后继续向北移动,截至目前已导致12人死亡,这一数字有可能继续上升。

为躲避飓风,佛罗里达州已有数百万民众撤离,著名城市迈阿密俨然成为一座“空城”。仅在数日前,紧邻迈阿密市的小城科勒尔盖布尔斯市市长劳尔·瓦尔德斯-福利在其市政厅办公室对新华社记者说:“我们有大问题。”

迈阿密位于美国东南角,濒临大西洋,是美国著名旅游城市和退休人士最爱居住的城市之一。科勒尔盖布尔斯位于市区西南,是迈阿密戴德县著名富人区,海景房售价数百万到数千万美元不等。

9月初的一天,政府强制撤离令还未颁布,大批游人还躺在海滩上悠闲地享受日光浴,大部分人都没意识到“艾尔玛”将袭击这个城市。然而,瓦尔德斯-福利就气候变化与海平面上升对科勒尔盖布尔斯的影响接受新华社记者专访时,在短短的一刻钟内30次使用“问题”或“大问题”两个词。

“我们有48英里(约77公里)的海岸线,许多地方只比海平面高一两英尺(30到60厘米),所以(海平面上升造成的)经济影响将非常巨大,因为很多很贵的高价值房子都在海滨或靠近海滨,”瓦尔德斯-福利说,“我们正在承受海平面上升的压力,所以形势对科勒尔盖布尔斯而言非常艰难。”

研究表明,迈阿密市水位在过去数年里几乎以每年1英寸(2.54厘米)的速度上升,远超世界平均水平。专家们估计,无论从可能的财产损失还是受灾人口看,迈阿密都处于全球受海平面上升影响的大城市中前五之列。因此,包括科勒尔盖布尔斯在内的附近区域房地产业面临极不乐观的未来。

以房屋贷款为例,瓦尔德斯-福利说,尽管当地房产的交易周期为6年到7年,但银行所做的房屋贷款通常是30年。从长期看,也许再过10年、15年或20年,考虑海平面上升的隐患,人们就不愿再还款,银行也不愿再贷款,所以,人们届时可能不再愿意购买这里的房子。

可以预见的是,房地产业受重创,将会引起一系列连锁反应。“我们的税收45%来自房地产税,”瓦尔德斯-福利指出,一旦房地产税大幅减少,警察数量将不得不削减,关于市民油漆房顶和花园剪草等方面法规的实施也将要打折扣,“(届时)我们将不得不寻找替代方案,去思考关于我们城市的生存和韧性问题。”

瓦尔德斯-福利说,科勒尔盖布尔斯正在从多方面积极应对海平面上升问题,包括提高民众意识,让他们认识到气候变化和海洋变暖“是一个问题,一个大问题”,并采取措施减小相关危害。

世界气象组织近日在一份声明中说,全球变暖可能导致强飓风出现更频繁,破坏力极强的飓风本世纪会越来越多。

谈到特朗普政府在应对气候变化方面的表现时,瓦尔德斯-福利直言:“我对(联邦)政府不作为感到非常失望,气候变化正在发生,我认为我们必须走在前列。海洋在变暖,冰山在融化,极地冰盖在融化,这将导致我们的海平面上升,给沿海社区造成问题。”

瓦尔德斯-福利说,加高街道、安装抽水设施等措施只是治标不治本,他希望政府能寻找治本的解决方案,并参与所有能带来解决方案的相关倡议。

放眼未来,瓦尔德斯-福利说:“我希望科勒尔盖布尔斯能成为一个有韧性的城市,不仅能够生存下去,还能繁荣兴盛。这将是又一个新挑战。我希望让大家知道我们有问题,并开始思考解决方案,思考让问题不变得更糟糕的方法,培养出环境意识。”

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