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科学家发明便携降温仪器

2017-09-16 11:11:51   新华网

新华社华盛顿9月15日电(记者林小春)想象一下,随身携带一个放在口袋里的制冷器,或者一部永远不会过热死机的手机或电脑。美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校裴啟兵教授等人发明了一种固态降温仪器,正在让这些梦想成为现实。

这项研究发表在15日出版的美国《科学》杂志上。

项目负责人裴啟兵告诉新华社记者,他们的团队基于电热效应,利用高分子材料制造出一种可转换电和热能的薄膜。电热效应是指材料在外加电场下微观有序地发生变化,导致温度发生相应变化。因此,薄膜能根据外加电场的开或关而释放或吸收热。

数据显示,该薄膜每克制冷功率高达2.8瓦,性能系数超过现有蒸气压缩制冷技术。“这意味着转移同样的热量,我们的设备消耗更少的电能,”裴啟兵说。

测试结果表明,他们制造的降温仪器让一部三星智能手机电池的温度在5秒内降低了8摄氏度。相比之下,空气降温技术在50秒内仅降低3摄氏度。

当谈到这项技术的应用前景,裴啟兵说,它可以做成很小的制冷器,放在口袋随身携带;可根据个人的需要来调节身体不同部位的温度,且耗电量很小;也可给手机、电脑和可穿戴电子产品等有效降温,延长它们的使用寿命。

《科学》杂志配发的一篇评论文章写道,有了这项技术,“人们可以想象,可穿戴式冷却绷带将取代冰袋,敷在伤口等;小型空调和热管理系统可以安置在办公桌上或整合到座椅里,进行局部性气温控制;芯片实验室这样的电子设备也将成为可能。”

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