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新方法可使多能干细胞培育过程更简单安全

2017-09-16 10:21:49   新华网

新华社北京9月16日电 美国科学家研究发现,用一种新方法改造成熟的细胞,有可能更简单、安全地培育出多能干细胞,用于修补组织和器官,治疗疾病。

美国斯克里普斯研究所发布的新闻公报说,新方法是利用抗体蛋白质在细胞外部发出指令,诱导细胞重新发育。该所研究人员已经成功地用抗体取代了现有方法的大部分操作,论文发表在新一期英国《自然·生物技术》杂志上。

抹去成熟细胞的“记忆”可以让它们重回干细胞状态,目前的标准方法是向细胞核里植入4个基因,产生4种蛋白质,指挥细胞重新发育。但植入操作有可能损伤DNA(脱氧核糖核酸),导致细胞癌变。

在自然发育过程中,细胞分化是由外部信号分子指挥的,不存在植入基因带来的风险,抗体诱导发育的方式与此类似。

研究人员培养实验鼠细胞,筛查了1亿种抗体,发现有4种抗体能起到与上述其中3个植入基因相同的作用。只需把这些抗体添加到细胞培养环境中,它们会与细胞表面的蛋白质结合,触发一系列分子活动,使细胞发生转变。

研究人员希望能进一步找到取代第4个基因的抗体,以便全面取代现有方法,但可能尚需几年时间。他们正筹划规模更大、更复杂的实验,用人类细胞取代实验鼠细胞展开筛查。

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