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综述:9·11后 美国“反恐”给阿富汗平民带来灾难

2017-09-13 08:16:27   中国青年网

2001年“9·11”事件之后,美国以“反恐”为由,联合北约盟友出兵阿富汗。然而,战争开启易,结束难。

16年来,这场美国历史上耗时最长的战争,不但未能根除阿富汗恐怖势力,反而令该国在战争泥潭中越陷越深,阿富汗平民更为此付出巨大代价。

16年后,越来越多的人认为,美国的“反恐”行动并未结束冲突,阿富汗和平之路渐行渐远,普通百姓的生存环境依然堪忧。

43岁的穆罕默德·纳赛尔在“9·11”之后从邻国回到喀布尔,成为一名消防员,然而很多时候他救援的并不是火灾。“我们往往是被派去清理爆炸现场,我看到过太多悲惨的画面,袭击造成的破坏往往比火灾要严重。”

26岁的哈立德是喀布尔一家医院的医生,“我已累计参与超过1000例外科手术,其中40%是爆炸、枪击所致”。他说,伤者多数是平民,而在首都以外的偏远地区,由于医疗条件有限,许多人得不到有效救治。

据联合国阿富汗援助团统计,自2009年以来,阿境内各类冲突已造成超过26500名平民身亡、49000名平民受伤。

“我深深地感受到当地民众饱受的战争创伤。”已在阿富汗工作多年的联合国儿童基金会官员王思平日前对记者表示,阿富汗经济社会发展落后,孕产妇及婴儿死亡率较高。“战火给阿富汗人民带来的只有灾难。”

阿富汗马沙勒私立大学教授西迪克认为,美国政府必须对阿富汗现状负责。“他们一边声称打击恐怖主义,一边又纵容恐怖主义。”他表示,“反恐”只是美国政府的“幌子”,美国关注的是阿富汗在南亚地缘政治中的战略位置和自然资源。

8月21日,美国总统特朗普公布对阿富汗新战略,指出美军现阶段不会从阿撤军,打击恐怖主义是未来重点目标。随后不久,美国官员又透露,五角大楼将向阿富汗增兵3500人。

“我感到非常担心。”《喀布尔时报》编辑法图巴里说,美国的反恐策略不能给阿富汗带来和平与稳定,而且新战略中未谈及如何避免平民伤亡。“看看我们的国家和人民,这里已经无法承受更多战火。”法图巴里说道。

“特朗普政府在反恐问题上延续前任美国领导人对待阿富汗的方式,即依仗军事手段,而不是努力促各派和谈,”阿政治分析人士纳扎里表示,阿富汗人民遭遇的是一场强加于他们的战争。

遗憾的是以上担忧很快变成残酷的现实。据报道,8月29日,北约驻阿部队在西部的赫拉特省开展空袭,造成包括妇女和儿童在内的至少13名平民遇难;8月30日,在东部的卢格尔省的空袭行动中又造成至少11名平民死亡、16人受伤。

“我的生活被彻底毁掉了,”50岁的目击者哈吉·阿西勒在8月30日空袭中躲过一劫,他对记者说,空袭夺走他孩子和其他村民的生命,“我们失去了亲人,失去了房子,我们的安全没有保障”。

联合国阿富汗援助团公布的数据显示,2017年上半年,各类空袭共造成阿平民232人死伤,同比上升43%。战火还迫使更多人背井离乡。哈立德的话代表了很多阿富汗人的心声:“反恐战争至今没能让阿富汗更加安全。”

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