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纪念“9·11”16周年,美国反恐路仍长

2017-09-12 07:32:28   新华网

当地时间9月11日,美国迎来“9·11”恐怖袭击第16个纪念日。这是美国总统特朗普首次以总统身份主持“9·11”纪念活动。分析人士指出,16年来,美国虽然没有发生过大型恐袭,但依然存在令人不安的“恐怖”动向。

本国激进分子成新威胁

白宫称,按照计划,特朗普和“第一夫人”梅拉尼娅当天上午在白宫默哀一分钟,以纪念近3000名“9·11”袭击遇难者。默哀时间恰好与当年第一架被恐怖分子劫持的飞机撞向世贸双子楼的那一刻相当。总统夫妇还在五角大楼的悼念仪式上向牺牲者致敬。副总统彭斯则代表政府前往宾夕法尼亚的尚克斯维尔——“9·11”事件的另一处事发地参加纪念活动。

每一次纪念“9·11”也是对当下安全形势再一次敲响警钟。分析人士认为,16年来,美国虽然没有发生过大型恐袭,但是恐怖威胁依然存在。美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)刊登国家安全分析师彼得·贝尔根的文章指出,虽然自2001年“基地”组织发动“9·11”袭击之后,美国再未遭遇过一次类似“9·11”这样来自国外恐怖组织实施的大型袭击,但是这并不代表美国可以高枕无忧。美国依然存在其他令人不安的“恐怖”动向。

文章称,如今,不少在伊拉克和叙利亚受过“伊斯兰国”(IS)或其他圣战组织培训的战斗人员不断回流,对本国形成威胁。虽然相比欧洲国家,美国面临恐怖分子回流的威胁较小(根据公开资料显示,仅有7名美国激进分子从叙利亚和伊拉克战场回国,且无一人实施过恐怖主义行动),但是,美国没有“外患”却有“内忧”。自2014年至今,美国发生过6起圣战分子发动的恐怖袭击,导致74人遇难。这些袭击都是由美国公民和合法的永久居民实施,而不是外籍恐怖分子。这些美国本土圣战分子只是受到IS的网络宣传鼓舞,与IS组织本身并无直接联系。

贝尔根认为,特朗普政府针对6个国家发布的旅行禁令,对于消除“土生土长”的恐怖威胁无济于事。因为本土激进分子能受到网络圣战宣传的煽动和蛊惑而实施恐袭,而旅行禁令对网络不能产生任何影响。

除了本土圣战分子发动恐怖袭击的威胁外,美国还存在其他政治暴力形式的安全威胁。16年来,受极右思想驱动的个人在美制造的恐怖暴力事件已导致68人丧生;而黑人民族主义者也发动过袭击,致使8人身亡。

可能产生IS“下一代”组织

贝尔根还指出,即使IS现在一败涂地,但是IS生存的条件依然存在。在伊拉克、叙利亚和也门,中东国家仍深陷因教派之争引发的地区冲突。其后果是,阿拉伯国家在该地区陷入治理败局;受战争摧残的国家经济崩溃;中东、北非难民外流,在欧洲引发难民危机。一些圣战主义的推动者在今后数年很有可能培养出IS的“下一代”组织。

而且,即使IS受重挫,“基地”组织在叙利亚的分支却在复兴,未来,IS的残兵余勇很可能与“基地”在叙分支合流。“基地”核心团队正在把本·拉丹的儿子哈姆扎·本·拉丹视为新领袖。最近几年,年仅20多岁的哈姆扎·本·拉丹已在“基地”控制的媒体中多次露面。

“‘基地’组织在叙利亚恢复元气,加上全球圣战主义的推动者不会善罢甘休,这些都意味着自‘9·11’开始的反恐战争在取得最终胜利之前仍将是一场持久战。”贝尔根说。(记者 廖勤)

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