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孕妇“免疫时钟”有助于预测早产

2017-09-07 13:01:48   新华网

新华社旧金山9月6日电(记者马丹)美国斯坦福大学研究人员最新发现,女性正常妊娠期间免疫系统的变化有着非常精确的时间表,这表明妊娠期间存在所谓的“免疫时钟”,有助于将来开发预测早产的技术。

妊娠期间免疫功能会发生变化,既保护胎儿不受免疫系统攻击的影响,同时又不破坏自身防止感染的保护功能。此前对这些变化的研究不够全面,更不知道这些变化是否精确定时。最新研究是首次发现正常妊娠期间免疫系统的变化在时间上精确有序。相关研究报告最近刊登在美国《科学·免疫学》杂志上。

研究人员收集了18名足月妊娠妇女的血液样本。她们每人提供4个血液样本,包括妊娠头三个月、妊娠中三个月和妊娠末三个月的血液样本以及分娩后6周的血液样本。利用血细胞计量技术,研究人员测量血样中每个免疫细胞的50种特性。他们还计算免疫细胞的种类,分析每一个免疫细胞中最活跃的信号通路,并评估免疫细胞如何对模拟的病毒和细菌感染作出反应。

研究人员开发了一种先进的算法,作为统计建模技术,用以详细反映妊娠期间免疫系统变化的时间表。研究人员说,这一算法可揭示特定免疫细胞种类是如何经历妊娠期的。研究发现免疫系统一定程度上驱动了妊娠过程,同时免疫系统也受到妊娠的影响。

研究人员说,妊娠是一种独特的免疫状态,研究发现正常妊娠期间的免疫系统变化时序非常精确和可预测。

研究人员说,接下来将通过对比足月生产的产妇与早产的产妇血样,以了解早产发生的原因以及如何预防早产。美国有近10%的婴儿是早产儿,但医生缺乏可靠的方法预测早产。早先有研究发现,炎症免疫反应可能导致孕妇早产,如能发现显示即将早产的免疫特征,就能开发一种血液检测手段来预测早产。

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