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新闻分析:日本竞标泰国军用雷达采购项目意欲何为

2017-09-06 15:50:43   新华网

新华社东京9月6日电 新闻分析:日本竞标泰国军用雷达采购项目意欲何为

新华社记者沈红辉

据日本媒体近日报道,日本防卫省将竞标泰国空军雷达采购项目,争取向泰国出口“FPS-3”防空雷达。分析人士指出,出于地缘政治动机,安倍晋三政府努力突破日本和平宪法限制,加快对东南亚转让武器步伐。

“FPS-3”防空雷达由日本防卫产业巨头三菱电机公司制造,是日本第一款自主研发的高性能“电子扫描阵列雷达”,拥有出色的识别、跟踪飞行物能力,目前部署于日本7处自卫队基地内。

《产经新闻》报道称,泰国空军雷达老化严重,拟引进3台新雷达,日本获悉后决定对“FPS-3”雷达加以改造后参与竞标。

近年来,安倍政府在东南亚动作频频,加强渗透,试图拉拢东南亚国家。日方此番对泰推销武器是其外交战略的一环。右翼媒体《产经新闻》宣称,若能实现对泰出口“FPS-3”防空雷达,自卫队和泰军便可在雷达使用、部队训练等方面开展合作,共享情报。

此次投标也是安倍政府近年来加紧对东南亚转让武器的最新迹象。二战后,日本出台“武器出口三原则”,严禁武器出口,但安倍政府2014年4月废除这一售武禁令,大幅放宽对外输出军事装备和技术的限制。此后,日本官民联手推动防卫装备出海,抢滩国际武器市场。

出于地缘政治等因素考虑,日本将东南亚视作武器出口的重点目标。安倍政府解禁售武后实现的首个对外转让自卫队装备案例,正是今年3月向菲律宾海军有偿出租的多架二手TC-90教练机。

近两年,安倍政府一直在从外交层面积极布局,为扩大在东南亚的武器租售铺路。2016年11月,日本和东盟在老挝签署防卫合作协议“万象愿景”,同意开展包括“防卫装备及技术转让”在内的防务合作。此外,日本已和菲律宾签署《防卫装备及技术转让协定》,并正在争取和其他东南亚各国也签署此类协定。

今年6月,在日本举办的防务展上,三菱重工重点展示一款履带式两栖装甲车模型,迎合东南亚一些国家提升水陆作战能力的需要。展览结束后,日本防卫省还专门召集菲律宾、泰国、马来西亚、印尼等东南亚各国国防部门人士开会,了解各国在防务方面的课题和需求,并介绍日方能够提供涵盖装备运营维护、训练指导等环节的一条龙服务,寻求向这些国家出口防卫装备。

不过,分析人士指出,因性价比短板明显,日本硬拼东南亚市场难度不小。这是因为,长期以来,日本防卫产业几乎仅以日本自卫队为客户,未形成规模优势,缺乏竞争,导致防卫装备价格昂贵。

近年来,日本争夺澳大利亚潜艇项目惨败而归,对印度出口US-2水上飞机搁浅至今,问题都出在价格上。东南亚国家国防预算有限,采购装备精打细算,恐怕对昂贵的“日货”望而却步。

分析人士指出,此次争夺泰国雷达项目,日本将面临来自意大利等欧洲国家的多家防务企业激烈竞争。“FPS-3”防空雷达能否中标是未知数。据外媒报道,泰国年度国防预算在60亿美元左右,并无实力引进高性能雷达。日本政府内部也有声音担心此次投标后卷入惨烈的价格战。

鉴于此,未来一段时间,出租或免费转让“二手货”可能是安倍政府向东南亚提供防卫装备更现实的选项。目前,日本法律禁止自卫队无偿向外国转让防卫装备。安倍政府已决定修订相关法律,然后向菲律宾和马来西亚无偿提供P-3C反潜巡逻机等二手装备。

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