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这五点,我们该向日本孩子学习

2017-09-06 09:07:22   中国青年网

肥胖、慢性病高发已经成为困扰全球各国的难题,但走在日本街头,却少见胖人的踪影,这都得益于日本人健康的生活方式。近日,世界权威医学杂志《柳叶刀》刊登一项由多国科学家完成的全球性大规模研究,发现在饮食、生活和两代人交流等方面,日本儿童的健康状况位居全球之首。可以说,培养健康生活习惯方面,日本做到了从娃娃抓起。

营养均衡,种类多样

日本人的饮食结构整体营养丰富、热量低,每餐都有大米(或其他谷物)、海藻、豆腐、水果、蔬菜,以及富含欧米伽3脂肪酸的深海鱼类,且烹调方式简单、少糖少盐。虽然每一种食物分量少,但整体样式多,饱腹感强,能使孩子吃饱后不再有胃口吃零食,有利于控制体重。

分量小,总体摄入少

与西方国家相比,日本饮食分量明显更小。专家认为,吃饭使用小餐盘有利于控制食物总体摄入量。美国坦普尔大学研究人员珍妮弗·费舍尔博士研究发现,让儿童使用小餐盘自己取食物,有助于他们控制食量和食欲。不过,日本家长的经验是,在果蔬方面可以让孩子用较大的盘子。

少吃零食,多在家里吃饭

零食对孩子有种特殊魔力,使他们无法抗拒,日本孩子偶尔也吃,但他们的零食食用量和频率比欧美国家低得多。日本北海道儿童营养师高桥智美建议,心态放松、压力小,孩子才会轻松、舒服地吃东西。家长应该给孩子树立榜样,让他们知道你是如何享受食物的、它们的味道有多好。即便再忙,每天都应保证与孩子一起吃一顿饭。家庭团圆和仪式感,能够让孩子感受到快乐享用健康食物的美妙,与家人交流多,孩子身心都受益。

鼓励孩子探索新食物

儿童对食物的喜好会随着年龄的变化而变化。家长可以通过让孩子从小探索各种食物,有目的地引导他们爱上健康食物。婴儿可能只需要一次尝试就能爱上某种健康食物,而对于2岁孩子来说,可能需要尝试20次。所以,如果孩子挑食,家长千万不要轻易过早放弃努力。

九成儿童步行或骑车上学

研究发现,日本儿童步行或骑自行车上学的比例高达98.3%,远远超越其他发达国家。日本中小学每天都有体育课,还有1小时课外锻炼时间,学校开放体育馆、运动场让学生们自由选择喜爱的运动项目,日本儿童肥胖症发病率低与此密切相关。世界卫生组织报告指出,5~17岁儿童适度运动有助于保持骨骼、肌肉和关节健康发育,有益心血管健康、身体更协调、焦虑抑郁情绪更少,还有利于促进社交互动。研究发现,进行奔跑、跳跃等运动更多的孩子,感觉更快乐,注意力更集中,学习成绩更好,生活更健康。

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