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【专家谈】金砖合作进一步提升新兴国家政治实力

2017-09-02 20:00:50   光明网

过去十年,“南升北降” 是国际格局最显著的变化之一,新兴和发展中国家经济实力不断增强,同时美欧等发达国家经济则长期低迷,力量对比的天平不断朝着南方国家倾斜。藉由经济发展中取得的巨大成就,新兴国家国际影响力得到持续提升。

回顾过去十年金砖合作历程,我们可以发现在金砖合作的引领下,当前新兴和发展中国家的政治实力已经达到了新的高度,可以说巩固了过去几十年以来经济增长的果实。而价值引领、制度建设和推进落实是政治实力不可或缺的三项要素,金砖合作都取得了巨大成就。

价值引领是全方位的,既包括金砖国家对世界政治重大问题的看法,也包括各自治国理政的重要经验。比如,金砖合作从第一次元首会晤就明确提出,在国际法治、平等合作、互相尊重、由各国协调行动和集体决策的基础上,建立一个更加民主和公正的多极世界,清晰表明立场,有力发出了广大新兴和发展中国家的心声,对于世界政治公正合理发展具有重要实际推进作用。今年8月中旬,金砖国家治国理政研讨会在福建泉州成功举办,各国在会上交流治国理政经验,也是在向国际社会传播新理念、新价值。国际政治是多元的,但这种多元深受强权的影响,表达多元的机会不会自动落在新兴和发展中国家头上,金砖合作过去十年在价值引领上取得成就,为自己争取了表达的机会,赢得了国际社会的认可,也就在政治影响上赢得了稳固的一席之地。

制度建设的成果更加明显,过去十年金砖机制能克服各种困难不断向前发展,而且在各领域取得许多实质性进展,增强了新兴和发展中国家对于制度性合作的信心,是提升政治实力的坚强保证。制度建设既是对理论或思想的落实,也是检验这种理论或思想是否能长久存在的重要指标。金砖合作辉煌十年,充分说明新兴国家合作可行。金砖各国2006年首开外长会,2年后即实现首次领导人会晤并发表联合公报,3年后即实现首次扩员,并就会晤机制、主要议题、成果形式等内容达成一致。十年来,金砖合作基础日益巩固,合作领域持续拓展,已形成以领导人会晤为引领,以安全事务高级代表会议、外长会晤等部长级会议为支撑,在经贸、财金、工商、农业、教育、卫生、科技、文化、智库、友城等数十个领域开展务实合作的多层次架构。今年6月,首届金砖国家运动会在广州举行,使得金砖合作更加丰富多彩,引人注目。

国际合作领域人们常问一个问题“合作是在纸上、还是在地上”。金砖过去十年的合作,沉甸甸的成果显然落在地上,而不仅仅是规划蓝图。而实际落地项目越来越多,也是金砖合作政治实力不断上升的重要标志。过去十年,金砖机制逐步建立了新开发银行、应急储备安排、工商理事会、智库理事会等合作机制,效率如此之高在新兴和发展中国家合作中并不多见。今年8月底,金砖银行刚刚批准中国、印度和俄罗斯三国总额约14亿美元的贷款项目,2017年贷款总额将达25亿美元左右。金砖国家新开发银行总部在上海的永久性办公大楼即将开工。

因此,金砖合作的十年,也是新兴国家经济实力不断向政治实力转化的十年,金砖机制已经成为一个坚实的整体。藉此,未来的金砖合作,将产生更加明显的政治影响,再创辉煌十年值得期待。(韩立群中国现代国际关系研究院世界政治研究所中国对外关系研究室主任)

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